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:“通過(某物、某地),取道 …” 。如 :by a stone bridge/the back door/the freeway/country roads等。 ? The man entered the room by the back 過后門進入了房間。 ? by+動詞 —:“通過 … ,靠 … ,憑 …” 。如: by waiting/practing/begging/working/imitating等。 ? He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.(NMET95)他通過印刷著名作家的作品而獲得了巨大的財富。 ? Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. Similarly,our minds are developed by learning.(2020上海 )身體是靠鍛煉強壯的,同樣,大腦是靠學(xué)習(xí)開發(fā)的。 ? 四、 by+數(shù)量詞。 ? 表升降、增減的程度。如: by onefifth/20 percent/£ 3/two feet等。 ? With production up by 60%,the pany has had another excellent year.(NMET2020)產(chǎn)量上升了百分之六十,這家公司今年的業(yè)績極好。 ? The demand for anic food is increasing by about one third every year.(NMET2020閱讀 )對綠色食品的需求每年在增長大約三分之一。 ? 表示距離和面積、體積中的尺寸及乘除法中的運算。如: by 2cm/6 inches/four feet/nine yards/a hair`s breadth等。 ? Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain by an inch.(2020上海)幸運地是,那顆子彈差一英寸就擊中了上尉。 ? The bed is three meters wide by two meters long, and can fit at least four at one time.(NMET2020閱讀 )那張床三米寬,兩米長,一次至少可以睡四個人。 ? 五、 by+身體部位名詞或衣服名詞。表示被抓住身體 /衣物的某一部分,常與動詞catch/seize/take/hold/grab等連用。如: by the hair/hand/arm/nose/horns。 by the collar/lape/sleeve等。 ? The policeman caught the thief by the 了小偷的胳膊。 ? The soldier grabbed the child by the 揪住了孩子的衣領(lǐng)。 ? 六、 by的常見短語: ? by means of/by way of/by the way/one by one/step by step/side by side/shoulder by shoulder/by oneself/by birth/by society/take…by surprise/learn…by heart/what do you mean by …/by my watch等。 or ? 詞 or在初中英語中是個常用,雖然它只有一個詞性,但它卻有不同的使用情況?,F(xiàn)將主要用法分述如下: 一、用在選擇疑問句中連結(jié)被選擇的對象,意為“或者,還是”。例如: Is he a doctor or a teacher? 他是醫(yī)生還是教師? Did you do your homework or watch TV last night?你昨晚做作業(yè)還是看電視了? Are they singing or reading English? 他們是在唱歌還是在讀英語? 下列兩個疑問句中的并列成份由于使用了不同的連詞,因而句式有所不同。試比較: A、 Does he like milk or bread? 他喜歡牛奶還是面包嗎? B、 Does he like milk or bread? 他喜歡牛奶還是面包? 分析: A 句中使用了連詞 and,是一般疑問句,對其作肯定或否定回答應(yīng)用: Yes, he does. No, he doesn39。t. B句中使用了并列連詞 or,因而是選擇疑問句,對其回答不用“ yes”或“ no”