【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 l to the plexity of the unit ? Complexity is directly proporttional to the number of opportunities to creat a defect? To normalize processes of different plexity, we use: Total defectsOpportunities… From which we can calculate sigmaDPMO = x 1,000,000Improvement7Sigma(+ sigma shift)1101001K10K100K2 3 4 5 6(66810 ppm)(6210 ppm) (233 ppm)( ppm)30x Improvement10x Improvement70x Improvement6?5?3?4?Defects per Million opportunitiesBenchmarking1101001K10K100K2 3 4 5 6 7Best in classinternal + externalRepair costs 10%Average pany 1%Defects per Million opportunitiesSigma(+ sigma shift)1101001K10K100K2 3 4 5 6 7Restauant billsDoctor prescription writingPayroll processingOrder writeupJournal vouchersWire transferAirline baggage handingPurchased material lot reject rateBenchmarkingBest in classAverage panySigma(+ sigma shift)Defects per Million opportunitiesProcess quality levels may vary widely within a pany( PPM)?1101001K10K100K2 3 4 5 6 7Airline baggage handlingDomestic airline flight fatality raateBest in classAverage panySigma(+ sigma shift)Defects per Million opportunitiesImplementation of the six sigma cultureTotal sustomer satisfactionSix steps to six sigma design for manufacturabilityCycle time reduction Motorola’s black beltProblemsolving toolsn驅(qū)動(dòng)力來(lái)自評(píng)量指標(biāo)以及合理且具挑戰(zhàn)性的目標(biāo)The sixsteps design processManufactued product? Identify physical and functional requirements of customer? Determine characteristics of product critical to each? Determine for each characteristic,whether controlled by part,process,or both? Determine maximum range of each characteristics? If CP2 redesign material,profuct,and process as required.Administrative/office? Identify the work you do(your product)? Identify who your work is for(your customer)? Identify what you need to do your work,and from whom(your supplier)? Map the process.? Mistakeproof the process and eliminate delays.? Estableish quality and cycle time measurement and improvement goals.Cycle time reductionWill be coverd in detail afer lunchProblem solving identification tool? All member of the anization should have trining in problem solving indentification tools– Flow charts– Brain storming– Pareto charts– Cause effect diagramBlack belt tools? Process characterization? Process improvements? Graphical data analysis? Distribution analysis(graphical and numberical)? Comparative methods(graphical and numberical)? Process sources of variation? Measurement system analysis? Process control(SPC)? Process capability(Cp and Cpk)? Confidence intervals? Design of experiments? Linear regression? Screening experiments? Optimization using response surface methodologyBlack belt tool(con’t )Maanagement of the quality/continuous improvement process? Methodology to continuoisly reduce defects? Regular review of DPMO performance? Quality system review? Corporate quality councilInstitutionalize solutionsProcess step 1Process step 2Process step 3supplier customerRecord defectsTrend chart / GoalRecord defectsRecord defectsRecord defectsRecord defectsContinuous improvementmeyhodologyaction name datetime100Pareto analysis/ root cause indetificationmeasureResults institutionalizeProblem splveanalyzeDefect analysis is done by the appropriate anization:MarketingEngineeringManufacturingMaterialsserviceetc…Proces