【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 MAC + VID based forwarding allows two options to realize the SPTs BR C BR B BR D BR A ISISSPB SPT Bridge SPT A SPT C SPB has two operation modes The implementation of the same principles to forwarding is different ? SPBM: SPB MAC ? Backbone MAC identified SPTs ? Designed to leverage the scalability provided by PBB /“MACinMAC”/ ? No BMAC flooding/learning ? Managed environments ? SPBV: SPB VID ? VID identified SPTs ? Applicable to all types of VLANs ? Flooding and learning ? Plugplay Load Spreading IEEE 32 ? Using the shortest path automatically spreads traffic load to some extent ? Further loadspreading by exploiting equal cost paths to create multiple SPT Sets ? Up to 16 standard tiebreaking variations to produce diverse SPTs ? Provisioned load spreading ? A VLAN is assigned to an SPT Set An SPT Set SPT options for Bridge A SPT A2 SPT A1 BR B BR D BR A BR E BR C A Use Case: A Data Center with SPB and SDN Control ? SPB and SDN fit together and plement each other ? Virtual Network (VN) 1 is supported by SPBM ? SDN Controller instantiates the connectivity service to be provided for VN1 at the Edge Bridges (EB) ? SPBM establishes the connectivity service thorough the Data Center Network (DCN) ? VN2 is supported by SDN ? SDN Controller establishes the connectivity service to be provided for VN2 thorough the entire DCN IEEE 33 CB4 EB2 EB3 EB1 BVID2 ISID6 SDN Controller (External Agent) DCN SPB Features ? Single link state control for large works ? High degree of automation ? Scalability (scales as ISIS) ? Deterministic multipath routing for unicast and multicast ? Address learning confined to the work edge ? Fast convergence (within the range of 100 msec) ? All standards supported, . ? Connectivity Fault Management ( CFM) ? Edge Virtual Bridging ( EVB) ? Metro Ether Forum (MEF) services natively provided ? ELINE, ETREE, ELAN IEEE 34 Ongoing SPB Related Activities ? Deployments ? Multiple vendors shipping product ? Three interops so far: AlcatelLucent, Avaya, Huawei, Solana, Spirent ? Equal Cost Multiple Paths (ECMP) [] ? Per hop load balancing for unicast ? Shared trees for multicast ? Standardized Flow Hash ? OAM enabler ? New tag to carry Flow Hash and TTL ? Path Control and Reservation (PCR) [] ? Beyond shortest path ? Explicit path control ? Leveraging link state for ? Bandwidth and stream reservation ? Redundancy (protection or restoration) for data flows ? Distribution of control parameters for time synchronization and scheduling IEEE 35 Edge Virtual Bridging Control [] IEEE 36 ? Edge Virtual Bridge discovery and Schannel configuration ? Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) [] ? Virtual Machine (VM) migration ? Virtual Station Interfaces (VSI): the work interface of a VM ? VSI Discovery and Configuration Protocol (VDP) is used to notify an adjacent bridge of VSIs Enhancements to Bridging of [ , ] ? An medium is a medium just like a wired medium. ? Each wireless pointtopoint connection can be made visible to ISIS as a pointtopoint link. ? Broadcasts to multiple stations are handled as an optimization of multicasts/broadcasts of the same frame to individual pointtopoint links. ? Heuristics and costs cause bridges to avoid wireless links except where required for connectivity, and to prevent work flapping. ? An Access Point is not attached to a bridge, it is a bridge. ? A nonAP station can be a bridge, as well. ? IEEE mesh bees irrelevant. IEEE 37 IETF 86 – Tutorial OPERATION, ADMINISTRATION, AND MAINTENANCE (OAM) March 10, 2023 IEEE 38 Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) ? CFM/OAM was created in parallel with ITUT . ? Its value lies in its architecture, which supports: ? Protocol interactions among separate administrations with a minimum of mon configuration. ? Multiple levels of operation, with the ability both to propagate errors to higher levels, and drill down to lower levels when performing fault isolation. ? Completely different technologies can be supported at different levels, . Ether over pseudowires over routing over frame relay over Ether over optical. ? Information hiding, to make lower levels? topology, equipment, or control protocols invisible to higher layers. IEEE 39 CFM Supports Drilldown IEEE 40 Backbone Provider Network Customer Network Provider Edge Bridge Provider Edge Bridge Provider Bridge Network (PBN) Core Bridge Provider Edge Bridge Provider Edge Bridge Core Bridge Provider Bridge Network (PBN) Customer Network Customer Network Customer MAC Customer MAC Backbone MAC Backbone Edge Bridge Backbone Edge Bridge Provider Backbone Bridge Network (PBBN) Core Bridge End points Intermediate points A pair of endpoints at a given level see only the intermediate points at that level Continuity Check Message (CCM) ? CFM/OAM is designed from the start as a tool for multipoint services – not just pointtopoint. ? Each end point: ? Transmits regular multicast CCMs on its own level. ? Has a list of other end points on its level from which it expects to receive CCMs. ? Sets a ”Remote Defect Indication” (RDI) bit if it?s missing any CCMs, so that every end point is either in the ”everyone is happy” state or the ”someone is unhappy” state. ? The global circuit identifier in every CCM detects merged (crossconnected) services. Pointtopoint continuity checks cannot detect merged services. Multicast messages can detect them. IEEE 41 Other CFM/OAM Messages ? End points / intermediate points tied to ports, not boxes ? Loopback Message and Reply (LBM, LBR) ? Transmitted by end point, reflected by intermediate point or end po