chap06supply,demandandgovernmentpolicies(曼昆)((編輯修改稿)
2025-02-26 03:53 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 Harcourt, Inc. Taxes ?Tax incidence is the study of who bears the burden of a tax. ?Taxes result in a change in market equilibrium. ?Buyers pay more and sellers receive less, regardless of whom the tax is levied on. Impact of a 50162。 Tax Levied on Buyers... Quantity of IceCream Cones 0 Price of IceCream Cone 100 D1 Supply, S1 A tax on buyers shifts the demand curve downward by the size of the tax ($). D2 Copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved Quantity of IceCream Cones 0 Price of IceCream Cone 100 90 $ Price buyers pay D1 D2 Equilibrium with tax Supply, S1 Equilibrium without tax Impact of a 50162。 Tax Levied on Buyers... Price sellers receive Copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved Price without tax Tax ($) Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. What was the impact of tax? ? Taxes discourage market activity. ? When a good is taxed, the quantity sold is smaller. ? Buyers and sellers share the tax burden. Quantity of IceCream Cones 0 Price of IceCream Cone 100 90 S1 S2 Demand, D1 Impact of a 50162。 Tax on Sellers... Price without tax Price sellers receive $ Price buyers pay Equilibrium without tax Copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved A tax on sellers shifts the supply curve upward by the amount of the tax ($). Tax ($) Equilibrium with tax Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. A Payroll Tax Quantity of Labor 0 Wage Wage without tax Labor demand Labor supply Tax wedge Wage firms pay Wage workers receive Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. The Incidence of Tax ?In what proportions is the burden of the tax divided? ?How do the effects of taxes on sellers pare to those levied on buyers? The answers to these questions depend on the elasticity of demand and the elasticity of supply. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. Elastic Supply, Inelastic Demand... Quantity 0 Price Demand Supply Tax 1. When supply is more elastic than demand... 2. ...the incidence of the tax falls more heavily on consumers... 3. ...than on producers. Price without tax Price buyers pay Price sellers receive Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. Inelastic Supply, Elastic Demand... Quantity 0 Price Demand Supply Price without tax Tax 1. When demand is more elastic than supply... 2. ...the incidence of the tax falls more heavily on producers... 3. ...than on consumers. Price buyers pay Price sellers receive Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. So, how is the burden of the tax divided? The burden of a tax falls more heavily on the side of the market that is less elastic. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. Summary ? Price controls include price ceilings and price floors. ? A price ceiling is a legal maximum on the price of a good or service. An example is rent control. ? A price floor is a legal minimum on the price of a good or a service. An example is the minimum wage. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. Summary ? Taxes are used to raise revenue for public purposes. ? When the government levies a tax on a good, the equilibrium quantity of the good falls. ? A tax on a good places a wedg
教學(xué)課件相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1