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【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 0。partner,thefacultymemberlosesfreedomofactionoverthatdiscovery,strongerfinancialincentivesareavailableforfacultymembertocontinuetodevelopthetechnologyandlicenseitatalaterstageofdevelopment1.‘Rightsoriented’partnershipsemphasizingformalcontractsChallengestoimplementagreements:Difficultforpharmaceuticalpanytovetallinformationdisclosuresappropriatelywithintimeframe(6090days)? Gettingittothe“rightperson”? “Notinventedhere”syndrome,especiallyduring1980sand1990swhenpharmaceuticalfirmsranlargeinternallyfocusedRDdepartmentsDifficulttojudgethescientificandmercialpotentialofveryearlystagedisclosures,especiallyinbiology1.‘Rightsoriented’partnershipsemphasizingformalcontractsStrategiestopreserveIPownershipbyuniversitydespiterightsdeal:? Facultycandiscloseinventionsataveryearlystage(.initialgrantproposal)inwhichthemercialpotentialisnotatallclear,whichincreasesthe“odds”thatthepharmaceuticalpartnerwill“pass”onadeal? Facultycan“taketheinventionoutthebackdoor”(studybyGideonMarkhamfoundthatabout10%ofpatentsinventedbyuniversityfacultymaybe“backdoor”candidates)? Alliancemanagerscanusesocialcapital/relationalnormstoaskfora“quickreview”inordertopreservefreedomofactionforfaculty1.‘Rightsoriented’partnershipsemphasizingformalcontractsProblemofadverseselection:? FromtheperspectiveoffacultyNIHtypefundingpreservesfreedomofactionoverIP?！皊tarscientists”canpresumablyfindfederalfundingformostresearch? Sponsoredresearchislikelytobemoreappealingtojuniorfaculty,orfacultywithoutstrongfederalfundingrecords1.‘Rightsoriented’partnershipsemphasizingformalcontractsProblemoftimeinconsistency:? TheUCBPlantGeicsandMicrobialBiologyDepartmentreceivedalargeportionofthe$25millioninfundingforsponsoredresearchinserviceofthepartnerships? Aresearchmitteewasformedtodecidehowtospendthemoney,butonlyUCBfacultyhadvotingrights? Intheend,all25facultymembersreceivedresearchfundsfromthepartnership,withlittlecontrol/directionbyNovartis? CommentbyapostdocinthelabofMichaelFreeling:therewere“fewstrings”inacceptingthemoney,as“theynevertolduswhattodo”(Lau,2023).? Novartisdecidednottorenewthepartnership1.‘Rightsoriented’partnershipsemphasizingformalcontractsEvidencethatcollaborationswerenotsuccessfulinleadingtocopublicationsortechnologiesBibliometricevidence? NovartisUCB:1coauthoredpapers? PPGScripps:5coauthoredpapers? JJScripps:19coauthoredpapersTechnologiesemergingfrompartnershipsforthepanies:? Atleast50startuppanieswerestartedbyScrippsfacultyduringthetimeofthePPG,JJandSandoz/Novartisdeals(19852023)(SanDiegoBusinessJournal,2023)? ProgramReviewfoundthatNovartisdidnotlicenseanytechnologyoverthecourseofthefiveyearagreementwithUCBerkeley? Exception:JJScrippspartnershipresultedin4technologiesbeinginlicensed(JJcreatedapurposebuiltanizationtoevaluateandmercializetechnologyderivedfromScripps)1.‘Rightsoriented’partnershipsemphasizingformalcontractsRelationalnormsweakwithinformalcontracts:? Amajorproblemwithlongterm‘rightsoriented’partnershipsisthatindustrypartnershadguaranteedlargesumsofmoneyupfrontthroughfixedyearlypayments,limitingtheirabilitytousefinancialincentivestosteerresearch? Earlydeals
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