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steps 2, 3, and 4, etc. 5. P ? continually: ., get ? 8 169。 2023 Pearson Education Canada Inc. DemandPull Inflation High Employment Target, YT Yn 1. Y = Yn YT, government shifts AD out 2. Y = YT Yn, AS shifts in 3. Y = Yn YT, government shifts AD out, and repeat steps 2 and 3, etc. 4. P ? continually: ., get ? 9 169。 2023 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Budget Deficits and ? Government Budget Constraint DEF = G – T = ?MB + ?B 1. Deficit financed by bonds, no effect on MB and Ms 2. Deficit not financed by bonds, MB and Ms ? Financing persistent budget deficit by money creation leads to sustained ? 1. Deficit financed by Ms ? leads to AD shifts out, as in Fig 2. If deficit persists, Ms ? continually and get P ? continually, ., ? as in Fig Conclusion: Deficit ? ?, only if it is 1. Persistent 2. Financed by money creation rather than by bonds 10 169。 2023 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Budget Deficits and ? Budget deficits in other countries 1. Bond finance hard 2. Deficit likely to lead to m