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ifferent nations and cultures。 ? 3). Intercultural contact and occasions。 ? 4). Language and culture, bilingual education and translation。 ? 5). Particular cultural pattern and its impact on cross_culture。 ? 6). Non_verbal munication。 ? 7). Cultural shock and acculturation(文化休克與文化適應(yīng) )。 ? 8). Nation, race and subculture(亞文化 )。 ? 9). prejudice against different nations, races and some of other countries. of ICC research in America ? 3 features: ? 1) They are internationally, domestically oriented. ? 2) ICC researchers are mainly linguists, psychologists, sociologists and anthropologists. ? 3) Many American universities have offered ICC course for post graduates in America ? 5 aspects: ? 1. to teach post graduates terminologies and definitions related to ICC。 ? 2. to require them to examine problems about a culture。 ? 3. to enable postgraduates to meet people from various cultural backgrounds。 ? 4. to acquaint postgraduates approaches to overe cultural differences。 ? require them to investigate into cultures that interest them. study in China ? In China ICC study began as a serious discipline for study in the early 1980s,lots of scholars have studied this area. Many books and papers were written (nearly 300 papers and 20odd books between 19812022李炯英 解放軍外國(guó)語學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào) 2022年第6期 ). ? 胡文仲 : Aspects of Intercultural Communication,, 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社, 1999 ? 胡文仲 : 《 文化與交際 》 ,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社, 1997 ? 胡文仲 : 《 跨文化交際學(xué)概論 》 ,外語教學(xué)與研究出版 社 ,1999。 ? 賈玉新: 《 跨文化交際學(xué) 》 ,上海外語教育出版社, 1997 ? 林大津: 《 跨文化交際研究 》 ,福建人民出版社, 1996年 10月。 ? 關(guān)世杰: 《 跨文化交流學(xué) 》 ,北京大學(xué)出版社, 1996 ? 鄧炎昌、劉潤(rùn)清: Language and Culture1989. Part 1 Communication and Culture Chapter 1 Intercultural Communication Interaction in a Changing World I. Importance of Intercultural Communication 1. Differences of today’s ICC and ICC of the past: the past encounters: confusing and hostile Causes: 1) Lack cultural knowledge。 2)Blame the alien for the differences. the present encounters: more abundant and more significant. Reasons: 1) modern means of transportation systems 2) modern means of munication systems 3) globalization of world economy 4) mass migration rationale for looking at these changes : 1). As the familiar gives way to a new and different world, the entire human race is a affected. 2). Many of the events that have brought diverse groups together have been too subtle to detect and have taken place over a long period. Hence, we believe that many of them may have been overlooked. 3) By demonstrating both the quantity and quality of these changes, we might be better able to arouse your interest in intercultural munication. II. The Quantity of Intercultural Communication 1. International Contacts ? Three international developments that made international contact more axioma