【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 visible. Sunglasses can block out some of the sun’s ultraviolet rays, but the results can be very deceptive. The eye’s natural reaction to this darken state when wearing sunglasses is to make the pupil larger, which allows in more light and can intensify the damage to the your eye. You can watch an eclipse by projecting the sun’s image on a piece of paper either by using a telescope, or easier yet, by creating a pinhole in a piece of paper and viewing the result on another piece of paper, thus called a pinhole projector. Only during a total eclipse when the sun is pletely and briefly covered can you watch the eclipse without eye protection. Even then, extreme caution should be taken. In case you didn’t catch this last spectacular solar eclipse on December twentyfifth, 2000, there is no need to fret. Your posterity can record the next eclipse on Christmas in the year 2307, but only if they’re visiting the west coast of Africa for the holidays. Task 7【答案】A.1) pottery。 metal2) large cities。 food production3) the late 1950s。 borrow。 returnable。 onetrip4) pots。 pansB.1) Because the food must be shipped from place to place when it is produced, and because of the increased variety of foods available and the convenience of precooked meals, it is impossible for the customer to collect many foods in his own container.2) Until the late 1950s Americans had to borrow softdrink bottles by paying a deposit each time they bought one.3) Yes, beaus sales of soft drink climbed.4) Glass panies gave softdrink sellers a helping hand. A US pany, Consumer39。s Glass, made an arrangement with the bottler panies to reimburse them for much of the cost of onetrip bottles.5) Aluminium food packages now have their own electric plugs. After you eat the food, you can just throw them away. 6) The writer is mildly criticizing the trend toward onetrip living and thinks it probably has gone too far.【原文】The product that most people throw out after using only once is packaging. This is not always tree. The pottery or metal container used in Roman times and in most rural areas of the world today is a permanent and valuable household item. Unless a container is accidentally broken, it lasts a lifetime, despite the many journeys from home to market, farm or water well and back. The growth of large cities and modem methods of food production changes all that. Because the food must be shipped from place to place while it is produced, and because of the increased variety of foods available and the convenience of precooked meals, it is impossible for the customer to collect many foods in his own container. It costs a great deal to provide a new container each time we buy milk, wine, beer and other drinks. Yet for a number of reasons the trend towards onetrip bottles for all these items is in full swing. The case of the vanishing returnable softdrink bottle shows how much these containers add to the rising tide of waste. Until the late 1950s, Americans had to borrow softdrink bottles by paying a deposit each time they bought one. But several years later, softdrink bottlers decided that it was more convenient for the customer to throw the bottle away instead. A returnable bottle lasting 30 or more trips was replaced with 30 onetrip cans or bottles. Sales of soft drinks climbed and the container manufacturers smiled all the way to the bank. Glass panies gave softdrink sellers a helping hand. A US pany, Consumer39。s Glass, made an arrangement with the bottler panies to reimburse them for much of the cost of onetrip bottles. Other manufacturers have joined in promoting the throwaway spirit. The Aluminium Company of America announced that packages would soon replace pots and pans. Food packages were being designed with their own electric plugs. After you eat the food, you just throw away the pan with the messy old grease. What about a camping holiday? You can make a bonfire on the last day with the disposable equipment that can now be purchased. In hospitals, there may well be a case on health grounds for disposable syringes. But isn39。t the use of onetrip sleeping bags and tents taking disposability too far?Task 8【答案】A.When was it started?1991Who started it?Jane GoodallWhat kind of programme is it?An environmental and humanitarian programmeHow many Roots amp。 Shoots groups are there worldwide? In how many countries?More than 4,000 groups in 68 countriesWhat is its main purpose?To help kids develop a concern for animals, the environment, and their own munitiesWhy is it called Roots amp。 Shoots?Young people, like the roots which creep underground everywhere and shoots which break through brick walls to reach light, can break through the walls, which represent all the problems that humans have caused on the planet, and change the world.B.1) F2) F3) T【原文】Jane Goodall, a British field biologist, has devoted her life to wildlife conservation, in particular to the study of chimpanzees. She makes a special effort to reach out to young people. In 1991, Jane started an environmental and humanitarian programme for k