【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 B. whoC. from whom D. to whom定語從句寫作應(yīng)用：? 對比觀點(diǎn)式作文萬能第一句? There is no denying the fact that ….has been a prevalent topic with which university students are confronted. And there is no consensus of opinion among people concerning the controversial issue.定語從句翻譯原則：1. 前置法：若定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)簡短，把從句翻譯成帶“的”的詞組，放置于被修飾的詞之前。2. 拆分法：若定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，需拆分成兩句翻譯，并重復(fù)先行詞。. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the systematic, manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. . Anyone whose goal is “something higher” must expect someday to suffer vertigo, what is vertigo? Fear of falling? No, vertigo is something other than fear of falling. It is the voice of the emptiness below us which tempts and lures us. It is the desire to fall against which we defend ourselves. 七．長難句閱讀及翻譯方法1）分析和拆分結(jié)構(gòu) 基本原則 －拆分主從句。（復(fù)合句） －拆分主干和修飾。（簡單句） －利用信號詞。 信號詞原則： 1. 連詞： －and, or, but, yet, for 等連接并列句的連詞。 －連接狀語從句的連接詞：when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, though, although, so that2. 關(guān)系詞： －who, whom, whose, what, which ,whatever, whichever, when, where, how, why 3. 介詞： －on, in, with, at, of, to 4. 不定式符號：to 5. 分詞：過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞常構(gòu)成修飾語6. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號3）調(diào)整翻譯語序 定語的語序 －中文的定語一般在修飾詞之前，英文簡單定語在前，復(fù)雜定語（短語或定語從句）通常在后。 前置法：簡單定語譯為“的”結(jié)構(gòu)拆分法：復(fù)雜定語單獨(dú)譯為一句，重復(fù)先行詞。練習(xí)長難句分析結(jié)構(gòu)：The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of oceans”? had to be answered with any mercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice. 不同的文化和傳統(tǒng)將歐洲大陸連接在一起，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)尊重不同文化和傳統(tǒng)的歐洲身份并不是一件容易的事，需要人們作出策略性的選擇。狀語的語序 － 簡短狀語放在修飾動(dòng)詞之前，復(fù)雜狀語（狀語從句）在 整個(gè)句子的主干之前或之后翻譯。 邏輯順序：前因后果多主動(dòng)狀語從句① 九類狀語從句時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較、方式② 狀語從句就是用連詞將幾個(gè)分句連接起來，以表達(dá)分句之間的特定的邏輯關(guān)系。 （if）? When you consciously undergo a major life transition, be patient with yourself. 常見其他連詞：unless（除非），once （一旦）, in case （以免)? 1. It is always the best policy to speak the truthunless, of course, you are an exceptionally good liar. ? 2. All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered。 the point is how to discover them . ? 3. Take more money, in case (that) some accident happens. 注意：如何區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語從句和地點(diǎn)狀語從句如何區(qū)分when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句判斷原則：若是定語從句，則where 前面必須有被修飾的地點(diǎn)名詞；若where 前面沒有被修飾的名詞，則為地點(diǎn)狀語從句。 常見連詞：if －Fear is your best friend or your worst enemy. It is like fire. If you can control it, it can cook for you or heat your you can’t , it will burn everything around you, even destroy you. （雙刃劍的比喻寫法）－If you are not born to be intelligent, please make sure that you are at least diligent . 若非天賦異稟，但愿足夠奮進(jìn)。－If Winter es, can Spring be far behind? Ode to the West Wind 3. 讓步狀語從句Although the world is full of suffering, it is also full of the overing of it. Hellen Keller 雖然世間多苦難，但苦難總是能戰(zhàn)勝的?？v有苦難千種，亦存正道萬般。讓步狀語從句的難點(diǎn)1)whatever/ however/ whenever/wherever/ whichever 既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。2) no matter what/ how/ when/ where/ which =whatever/ however/ whenever/ wherever/ whichever 練習(xí)判斷：Whoever he is isn’t so important. 主語從句 I didn’t want to know whatever he thought. 賓語從句 whatever he needs, we will satisfy him at once. 狀語從句 No matter what he needs, we will satisfy him at 注意：no matter 系列 只引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示“無論…” no matter 系列不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句， 讓步狀語從句的倒裝句：As 引導(dǎo)的讓步倒裝句adj/adv分詞 +as +主語+謂語動(dòng)詞名詞（無冠詞）. Young/Child as he is, he is knowledgeable.As 引導(dǎo)的讓步倒裝句的寫作應(yīng)用 （引出另一種觀點(diǎn)） Wonderful as … is, however, it is not without shortings. 正常語序的讓步狀語從句 Despite/In spite of/ all the merits, they bring their own negative effects. As 引導(dǎo)的讓步倒裝句在寫作中的應(yīng)用 1. 圖畫／圖表作文： Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning should be considered with more insight. 2. 話題性作文： Indispensable as XX is, its unfavorable factors are apparent to be found in the following aspects. （六）狀語從句難點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用狀語從句的省略1. While visiting the city, they received a warm wele.2. When asked why he was late, he kept silent.3. Once begun, it must be done well.4. Write to me if necessary. 注意：當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致，且從句中含有系動(dòng)詞，則將從句主語和系動(dòng)詞一起省略。（注意：必須一起）狀語從句三大難點(diǎn)： 難點(diǎn) 1. while 1）引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。當(dāng)…時(shí)候，后面必須是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 Strike while the iron is hot. 2）引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。一般位