美國(guó)文學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)整理(編輯修改稿)
2024-09-01 10:43 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 豪威爾斯（Howells） 現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家代表作：《塞拉斯拉帕姆的發(fā)跡》The Rise of Silas Lapham3. 窮人階層：馬克吐溫（Mark Twain） 1 地方特色主義（鄉(xiāng)土文學(xué)）（local colorism）19世紀(jì)晚期在美國(guó)南方作家中流行的寫作風(fēng)格，它使用大量方言，俚語(yǔ)。馬克吐溫是代表人物。描繪密西西比河沿岸的風(fēng)土人情，廢奴思想，尊重人性。2代表作：《跳蛙》Jumping Frog《艱苦歲月》Roughing It《鍍金時(shí)代》“The Gilded Age《湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》The Adventures of Tom Sawyer《密西西比河上的生活》“Life on the Mississippi《哈克貝里費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 賞析：Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 兩種因素主導(dǎo)：人的性格特征amp。環(huán)境（heredityamp。environment）Theme：Racism and slavery, in Huckleberry Finn, Twain, by exposing the hypocrisy of slavery demonstrates how racism distorts the oppressors as much as it does those who are. Intellectual and moral education, By focusing on Huck’s education. He is especially free from society’s rule, able to make his own decisions without restriction. By the novel’s end, Huck has learned to “read” the world around him. The hypocrisy of “civilized” society, again and again, Huck encounters individuals who seem good Sally Phelps, for examplebut who Twain takes care to show are prejudiced slaveowners.4. 美國(guó)自然主義:1 西奧多德萊塞（Theodore Dreiser）書寫小人物的命運(yùn)代表作：《嘉莉妹妹》Sister Carrie 賞析：Sister Carrie 被環(huán)境左右，被迫選擇 It depicted social transgressions by characters who felt no remorse and largely escaped punishment, and it used “strong” language and used names of living persons.Carrie was influenced by environment factors and her own desires, which gave her four typically characteristics: unsatiable desires, violation of traditional morality, changing from dependence to independence, and disillusionment of her American Dream.2 斯蒂芬克萊恩（Stephen Crane）代表作：《紅色英勇勛章》The Red Badge of Courage四．現(xiàn)代主義時(shí)期（Modern Period） 20世紀(jì)20年代的美國(guó)文學(xué)背景：一戰(zhàn)發(fā)生，打擊民眾的樂(lè)觀態(tài)度，但在20年代，高度繁榮。這個(gè)嶄新而多變的時(shí)代同樣需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新而豐富的文學(xué)表達(dá)，文藝界的思想家們逐漸意識(shí)到舊的形式已不足以表達(dá)新的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。1. 意象派（Imagism）：1 特點(diǎn)：direct precise free verse2 代表人物：龐德（pound）在龐德眼里，到處一片喧囂，凄涼，無(wú)序和野蠻，寫作以簡(jiǎn)潔和扼要為特點(diǎn)，深受李白影響——意象并置（juxtaposition of images ）代表作：《在地鐵站》In a Station of the Metro（意象派的經(jīng)典之作，詩(shī)歌的客體是出現(xiàn)在潮濕、陰暗環(huán)境下的面龐，黝黑樹枝上的花瓣是獨(dú)立的起主導(dǎo)作用的意象，對(duì)“人群中的臉龐”生動(dòng)形象的比喻）威廉卡洛斯威廉斯（William Carlos Williams）自由體詩(shī)歌之父寫作特點(diǎn)：清晰的意象，押韻。給事物帶來(lái)全新的含義。詩(shī)人不應(yīng)該泛泛而談，應(yīng)該詳細(xì)、具體的寫作。平凡之中見偉大代表作：《紅色手推車》The Red Wheelbarrow賞析The Red Wheelbarrow平淡景象寫出意想不到的效果。色彩鮮明，動(dòng)靜結(jié)合。本詩(shī)體現(xiàn)了詩(shī)人敏銳的洞察力，節(jié)奏感，藝術(shù)構(gòu)思和冷靜分析的現(xiàn)實(shí)態(tài)度。It write about nature and New England landscape, he use symbolism to show deep meaning, he was likely to choose traditional forms but mode
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