【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 cts ：In a period of inflation, the costs allocated to ending inventory using FIFO will approximate current costs. Thus, the market to book value of the inventory should approximate . Conversely, during a period of increasing prices, the costs allocated to the ending inventory using LIFO will be significantly understated. Thus, the market to book ratio will be greater than .15． What are the classifications and objectives of investment in securities? 簡述證券投資的類型和目的。參考答案：Classifications of Investments: Trading securities； Heldtomaturity debt securities； Availableforsale securitiesObjectives of Investment in Securities：（1）Temporary investment of surplus cash（2）Investment solely for a return （3）Investment for influence （4）Purchase for control ★考核知識點:存貨計價方法P237244 參考課件第6章Marketable securities–Stocks, bonds and other financial instruments that organizations hold in lieu of cash. These are also referred to in the financial statements as shortterm investmentsTwo Types of Marketable securities: Debt securities These are bonds issued by corporations or government that have maturity value, interest rate and maturity date. Equity securities – These are any securities, such as mon shares that represent ownership in a pany. Classifications of Investments in Equity and Debt Securities： Trading securities: Investments at fair value through profit or loss 。 held for trading, or designated to be ‘a(chǎn)t fair value through profit or loss’ Heldtomaturity debt securities: financial assets with fixed or determinable payments。 fixed maturity 。 positive intent and ability to hold to maturityAvailableforsale securities: remaining financial assets 。do not fall into any of the two categories aboveObjectives of Investment in Securities Temporary investment of surplus cashInvestment solely for a return Investment for influence Purchase for control 16. Describe the reasons for holding marketable ★考核知識點:短期投資P361 參考課件第6章There are many reasons why a pany may want to buy debt or equity securities from another pany. For example, Company A may purchase the debt of Company B because? Company B’s debt is paying a good interest rate.? The debt may have a maturity date that matches Company A’s need for cash.? The debt may be selling for less than face value, and Company A thinks that it can sell the debt later at a gain.Investments in debt and equity securities can be classified on the statement of financial position as either current or noncurrent assets. One reason for holding short term investments relates to the control of cash. The amount of cash held by an entity should be carefully regulated so that there is neither too much nor too little available at any time. If there is too little cash on hand, the firm will not be able to meet daily or periodic cash requirements。 if there is too much cash on hand, a portion of the entity’s assets are unproductive. Therefore, management will try to keep just enough cash on hand at any one time to meet daily requirements, plus a cushion for emergencies. Cash in excess of the daily minimum should be invested in ineproducing opportunities, such as the debt and equity securities of other panies.17. Describe the characteristics of property, plant and equipment. 簡述固定資產(chǎn)的特點。Property, plant, and equipment is defined as tangible assets that are held for use in production or supply of goods and services, for rentals to others, or for administrative purposes。 they are expected to be used during more than one period.Includes:Land, Building structures (offices, factories, warehouses), and Equipment (machinery, furniture, tools).The characteristics：(1) “Used in operations” and not for resale.(2) Longterm in nature and usually depreciated.(3) Possess physical substance.18. Describe the benefits of accelerated depreciation methods. 什么是加速折舊法？其優(yōu)點有哪些？參考答案：Accelerated methods of depreciation result in more depreciation in the early years of an asset39。s life and less depreciation in the later years of an asset39。s life than does the straightline approach.The benefits of accelerated depreciation methods are:(1) Decreasing depreciation charges are matched against increasing repair and maintenance charges.(2) Higher depreciation charges drive net ine down in early years of an asset’s life. As a result, accelerated depreciation methods are favored for tax purposes.19. Describe the characteristics of intangible ？其特征有哪些？參考答案：An intangible assets is an identifiable nonmonetary asset without physical substance. 無形資產(chǎn)是指沒有實物形態(tài)的、可辨認(rèn)的非貨幣性資產(chǎn)。Examples of intangible assets include goodwill, patents, copyrights, franchises, trademarks and trade names ……例如：商譽(yù)、專利權(quán)、版權(quán)、特許權(quán)、商標(biāo)、商號等The characteristics：a higher degree of uncertainty regarding the future benefits未來收益的高度不確定性value subject to wider fluctuations價值波動性大having value only to a particular pany其價值只與某一特定企業(yè)相關(guān)‘nonmonetary’ feature 非貨幣性質(zhì)如下答案也可以：Intangible assets are rights, privileges, and petitive advantages that result from ownership of longlived assets that do not possess physical substance. Examples of intangible assets include goodwill, patents, copyrights, franchises, trademarks and trade names ……The Main Characteristics:Lack physical Not monetary Normally classified as noncurrent asset.20. Describe the reasons for issuance of longterm liabilities.舉借長期債務(wù)的原因（與發(fā)行股票相比）。參考答案：Reasons for Issuance of LongTerm Liabilities：(1) Debt financing may be the only available source of funds.(2) Debt financing may have a lower cost.(3) Debt financing offers an ine tax advantage.(4) The voting privilege is not shared.(5) Debt financing offers the opportunity for leverage. 22．Describe the rights of mon shareholders.（簡述普通股股東的權(quán)利）The two primary classes of paidin capital are mon stock （ordinary shares) and preferred stock. The primary attractiveness of preferred stocks is that they are preferred over mon as