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ariness, He often makes decisions without consulting other members of the mittee.3. Carbon monoxide is a noxious gas, it is almost fatal. People exposed to it too long will die without immediate medical help. 例1和例2中下劃線的單詞的意思分別從后面的重述中可以清楚地看出來:意為“挑剔”,arbitrariness“武斷”。例3中的兩個單詞,即使讀者一個都不認識, 從隨后的陳述中還是能判斷出它們的意思, 即“對人特別有害的“或“甚至會危及生命的“。這種意思雖然和單詞的原義不完全一樣,但對理解本句的內容來說,已經足夠了。(3)相關信息(Related Information) 有時候,讀者可以從上下文的有關信息獲得某個單詞意思的線索或暗示。試通過下面兩例中的相關信息判斷下面黑斜體部分的意思。例如:1. Tom’s father often gets angry at his laziness. But this time he flew into a rage when he was told about Tom’s misbehaviors at school.2. Whenever John is taking maths exams, he bees so nervous that his hands tremble as if they had a life of their own and even he isn’t able to hold his pen .He really has a phobia about taking maths tests (4)舉例(Examples) 有時,運用上下文所舉的例子,讀者也能夠悟出某個單詞的詞義。例如:1. His hobby is reading periodicals, such as Time Magazine, Newsweek , Reader’s Digest , ”periodical”這個詞,也可以由其后的 “such as..” 悟出含義。2. She is held in high esteem for her outstanding research on cataract and other diseases of the eye.此句雖沒告訴讀者cataract的準確的含義,但讀者可以看出cataract是一種眼病。(5)對照(Contrast ) 讀者也可以利用語句中所使用的對比表達法得到某個單詞詞義的線索。例如:1. Eliza’s roommates were all discussing noisily about the latest clothes fashions, but she remained reticent all the while.2. Smith and Tom are close friends。 they never fall out .3. Nowadays some young people are not thrifty, since they often squander (浪費)money. 這里的“對照”,指的是前后兩句(并列的或主從的)在意思上是對立的或相反的。這種意思上的“對立”或“相反”給讀者提供了判斷前后兩句中某個生詞意思的線索。譬如,例1的前一個分句中是“吵吵鬧鬧地談論”, 后一個分句為轉折,那么其中的意思肯定是“不大開口”, 此意就基本符合該單詞的原義了。(6)構詞法 有些詞可以通過前綴,后綴,合成等形式來判斷其意思。如:read(),reread(),reader(, 讀物),readable(),reading (,讀物)6. 作者態(tài)度題該題型原本屬于推理題,后由于出題方式和答題技巧不同于一般意義上的推理題,所以單獨講述,便于考生理解。態(tài)度題主要考查兩個方面的內容:1) 作者總的觀點或態(tài)度,即作者的寫作目的解題技巧:在解這類題時,對作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向,必須在通讀全文,掌握了主題思想和主要事實后,方能作出判斷。2) 作者對某一問題所持的態(tài)度和觀點解題技巧:首先,應看清問題問的是什么,然后在文中找到相應的句子,對句子中暗示作者觀點的關鍵詞、句,尤其是重要的形容詞和副詞,進行認真分析,然后作出正確的推斷。 態(tài)度題常見的提問的方式有:1) What is the author’s opinion?2) What is the author’s attitude?3) What is the tone (or mood) of the passage?4) The attitude of the author towards something is ______. 5) Toward …, the author’s attitude can be said to be ______. 注 意:1) 文章中的形容詞和副詞最能反映作者的態(tài)度。1) 表示態(tài)度的詞一般分為以下三種:褒義詞(表示贊同、肯定、積極、樂觀等)positive(肯定的),approval(同意的),optimistic(樂觀的), persuasive(說服、勸導性的),informative(提供知識情報的),wonder,support,useful,praise,interesti