【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 th Saxon) 4. East Anglia 5. Northumbria 6. Mercia 7. Wessex (West Saxon) Period English and Middle Ages (45015th century) 3conquests 1. Roman conquest (C 4thC6th): Latin language was spoken (Angles,Saxons, Jutes)(C7C10): Old English 3. Norman Conquest(1066 led by the Duke of Normandy): mixture of three languages Period English and Middle Ages (45015th century) 3 languages: 1) Latin, the clerical (牧師的 )and learned。 2) French, noblemen and royal court。 3) AS native English for the mon English is a Melting Pot of IndoEuropean Languages Celtic Latin German French 400 . to 55 . 55 B. C. to 410 A. D. 410 to 1066 1066 to 1485 Period English and Middle Ages (45015th century) Literature of this period 1. Old English Period: Beowulf,the national epic of AngloSaxons, written in 2. Middle English Literature: chivalric works: eg. King Arthur and his roundtable knights 3. In poetry, Geoffrey Chaucer (13401400) 喬叟 Father of English poetry: eg. The Canterbury Tales National Epic: Beowulf ? A long poem of 3000 lines。 ? Written in old English。 ? Telling a story about an ancient hero Beowulf’s fight against a lake monster and his mother, a monster, too。 ? Beowulf’s battle against a fire dragon. ? The poem reflects ancient people’s longing for a courageous hero who can fight against the unknown and terrible nature and protect them from the threats from nature. The outstanding features of the poem is its use of alliteration, understatement and metaphor. 51 Beowulf貝奧武甫 ? 全詩凡三千一百八十二行，以斯堪地那維亞的英雄貝奧武夫的英勇事跡構(gòu)成主要內(nèi)容。 本詩原以 西撒克遜方言 寫成， 押頭韻而不押尾韻，用雙字隱喻而不用明喻 。 ? 全詩內(nèi)容分為兩部分： ? 第一部分描敘丹麥霍格國王（ King Hrothgurs）宏偉的宮殿，在前后十二年中，半人半魔的妖怪格蘭戴（ Grendel）每晚出沒捉食霍格的戰(zhàn)士。此時恰巧瑞典南部濟茲（ Geats）王子貝奧武夫率家臣來訪，協(xié)助除害。國王當晚設宴款待，誰料妖怪格蘭戴又復出現(xiàn)，捉食一名濟茲戰(zhàn)士，貝奧武夫與之格斗，貝氏扭斷其臂，妖怪落荒而逃，因受重傷致死。第二天晚上，格蘭戴的母親前來為其子復仇，其后貝氏把她在一湖泊的洞穴中殺死。 ? 第二部分描敘貝奧武夫返國，被擁為王，前后五十年，舉國大治。最后貝奧武夫以垂老之年，殺一噴火巨龍，但其個人亦因而身受重創(chuàng)，終於身死。詩末敘其葬禮，并有挽歌。 2022/8/21 54 King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Virtues of Knights ? humility 謙卑 ? honor 榮譽 ? sacrifice 犧牲 ? valor 英勇 ? passion 憐憫 ? spirituality 靈性 ? honesty ? Justice 《 坎特伯雷故事集 》 （ The Canterbury Tales） Chaucer’s contributions ? a. a master of realism ? b. founder of English literary language ? ’s English: London dialect ? of English poetry : heroic coupletan iambic pentameter having the lines rhyming in pairs. ? e. the first occupant of the Poets’ Corner Quick History of English Language Old English 4001066 Beowulf (from Beowulf!) “ Ga230。254。 a wyrd swa hio scel” (OE) = “ Fate goes ever as it must” (MnE) Middle English 10661485 Chaucer (from CT) “ Whan that Aprille with his shoures soote . . . ” (ME) = “ When that April with its sweet showers . . .” (MnE) Early Modern English 14851800 Shakespeare (from KL) “ Sir, I loue you more than words can weild ye matter” (EMnE) = “ Sir, I love you more than word can wield the matter” (MnE) Modern English 1800present Austen (from Pamp。P) It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. 2. Renaissance Literature 文藝復興 14851660 The RenaissanceSocial background: ? 1)The War of Roses (14551488) ? 2) The Enclosure Movement ? Sheep devoured Men ? 3) Invincible Fleet 1588Spain ? 4) Queen Elizabeth: a period of peace and prosperity(15581603) 60 The Renaissance ? 3 k