【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 行的過分引申：有錢不一定就花錢大方。 　　4．【答案解析】D。第二段最后一句話引用一位教授的話說明老年學(xué)的重要性?！叭魏螌W(xué)生如果把老年學(xué)的專業(yè)知識(shí)和比如工商管理碩士或法學(xué)位結(jié)合起來就有了印錢的執(zhí)照”。本句話用一個(gè)比喻說明了這類學(xué)生可以掙大錢。故答案為D)，“有老年學(xué)知識(shí)的職業(yè)人士”。此處“職業(yè)人士”即指“商人或律師等”，與原文完全吻合。本題A)和B)選項(xiàng)容易排除，為一類錯(cuò)誤。但C)迷惑性很大。C)說“有工商管理碩士或法學(xué)位的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生”，只說出了原文的一個(gè)方面，但“大學(xué)畢業(yè)生”的范疇遠(yuǎn)大于“有老年學(xué)專業(yè)知識(shí)的學(xué)生”，所以犯了三類錯(cuò)誤。 　　5．【答案解析】A。本題為主旨題。美國老年人口的增加會(huì)在很多領(lǐng)域提供很好的工作機(jī)會(huì)。B)過于夸大了老年人對社會(huì)造成的負(fù)擔(dān)，為二類錯(cuò)誤。C)選項(xiàng)只是現(xiàn)象，并不是結(jié)果，為二類錯(cuò)誤。D)選項(xiàng)為一類錯(cuò)誤，無關(guān)選項(xiàng)。 　　經(jīng)過了如此細(xì)致的分析，第四步檢查時(shí)就可以很快完成了。 　　【文章大意】 　　對越來越多的美國大學(xué)生來說，老年學(xué)突然時(shí)髦起來。理由很明顯：美國的人口老齡化意味一些就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。隨著生育高峰一代的老齡化，人的壽命延長就意味著全國老年人口在今后50年內(nèi)必然有相當(dāng)大的增長。到2050年，65歲以上的美國人將從1995年的14%增長到25%。當(dāng)然，這種變化給政府和社會(huì)提出一些深刻的問題。但是這也在醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生界以及法律和商業(yè)界創(chuàng)造了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。南加利弗尼亞大學(xué)老年學(xué)學(xué)院的愛德華施奈德教授說：“除了大夫，我們將迫切需要有更多的社會(huì)學(xué)家、生物學(xué)家、城市規(guī)劃人員和專業(yè)律師?！? 　　律師可以成為“老年人法”專家，“老年人法”涉及從財(cái)產(chǎn)委托、房地產(chǎn)到敬老院虐待和年齡歧視等所有方面。商人在老年人市場看到巨大的商機(jī)，因?yàn)樯叻迤谌藬?shù)高達(dá)七千四百萬的人口很可能將成為人類歷史上最富有的退休群體。一位教授說：“任何學(xué)生只要有老年學(xué)的專門知識(shí)，又有一個(gè)學(xué)位，例如工商管理碩士或法律學(xué)位，就如同有印制鈔票的許可證一般?！? 　　瑪格麗特桑托斯是南加利弗尼亞大學(xué)的一名21歲的四年級學(xué)生。她上大學(xué)時(shí)是個(gè)生物學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生，但是她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己“實(shí)在厭煩細(xì)菌”。所以在她上了一堂老年學(xué)課程后，發(fā)現(xiàn)很喜歡這門課程。她說：“我在退休老人福利院做志愿者，這使我非常滿意?！? 　　有的時(shí)候選項(xiàng)出得非常有迷惑性，同學(xué)們可能分析很長時(shí)間也難以找到正確答案，那么就需要用到上面的“雙圓法”來幫助自己分析。請讀下面這篇文章： 　　The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise（有氧操）. Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize（獲利）on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weighttraining programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weighttraining programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again bee increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well. 　　Historically, most physicalfitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for healthrelated reasons, but primarily because such fitness ponents have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now remends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives. 　　并讀下面這個(gè)問題： 　　38. What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement? 　　A) Positive. B) Indifferent. C) Negative. D) Cautious. 　　我們知道任何問題的正確答案必然在原文中有直接或間接的出處。本題的出處是這句話： 　　These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weighttraining programs offered few, if any, health benefits. 　　很多同學(xué)看到原文中的“few health benefits”就毫不猶豫地選了C) Negative?！搬t(yī)生對于力量訓(xùn)練對提高健康狀況的作用持否定意見?！钡馈癴ew”雖然是一個(gè)表示否定意義的詞：“沒有幾個(gè)”，但實(shí)際上還是“有一兩個(gè)”的，所以原文的意思是“這些健身中心看起來并沒有從有氧健身中獲得多大收益，因?yàn)獒t(yī)學(xué)上給出的建議是力量訓(xùn)練即使是對健康有益，那也是很少的?！睔w根到底還是有好處的，所以正確的答案是D) Cautious。醫(yī)生的態(tài)度是“謹(jǐn)慎的”。C)是二類錯(cuò)誤：與原文有一些聯(lián)系，但重合度不足。 　　It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all antipersonnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around the world were filled with images of her forting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. “I knew the statistics,” she said. “But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me。 like when I met Sandra, a 13yearold girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.” 　　The Princess concluded with a simple message: “We must stop landmines”. And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. 　　But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press. They described her as “very illinformed” and a “l(fā)oose cannon（亂放炮的人）.” 　　The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms: “This is a distraction（干擾）we do not need. All I’m trying to do is help.” 　　Opposition parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very wellinformed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. 　　To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkind, claimed that the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards” a worldwide ban. The Defence Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.” 　　For the Princess, the trip to this wartorn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to people and their problems. 　　21. Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997 . 　　A)to clarify the British government’s stand on landmines 　　B) to establish her image as a friend of landmin