【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 has the same use, function as sth else ? A good quilt can be the equivalent of at least three blankets. ? be hard put to it (to do sth) find it difficult ? He was hard put to explain what had happened. As in … automaking ? This is an elliptical balanced sentence. The full sentence may read: “Things that are happening in automaking are similar to those happening in architecture.” If man … . creator ? This short balanced topic sentence introduces the second important view of the writer. Man creates machines and the machines then turn around and change those who created them. Man creates the World Car and by driving this kind of car the modern man himself bees universalized. He is being a cosmopolitan. cosmopolitan of or from all or many different parts of the world ? the ~ gatherings at the United Nations Assembly 聯(lián)合國(guó)各種世界性集會(huì) The price … of the word ? The disadvantage of being a cosmopolitan is that he loses a home in the old sense of the word. ? The benefit of being a cosmopolitan is that he begins to think the old kind of home probably restricts his development and activities. suspect ? To think it probable or likely。 guess。 suppose The universalizing … ? The pelling force of technology to universalize cannot be resisted. Barring ..culture ? Excepting a great disaster brought about by a nuclear war, the universalizing power of technology will continue to influence modern culture and the consciousness of people who inhabit that culture. ? barring: unless there should be。 excepting ? From this paragraph onwards the writer puts forward and develops the main theme of this chapter and the central theme of his book the insubstantiality of the world, the disappearance of traditional concepts, of the material objects we used to see with our ordinary eyes. This is specially and clearly reflected in modern art and architecture. Francis Picabia ? *6image1,2 picabia* Francis Picabia Marcel Duchamp ? *6image345duchamp aesthetic ? the appreciation of beauty 審美論，美學(xué)原則 blasphemy ? contemptuous or irreverent talk about God and sacred things 褻瀆神明， 對(duì)神不敬的話 rehabilitation restoring 恢復(fù) , improvement ? a ~ center 傷殘恢復(fù)中心 generate ? produce, cause to exist or occur proposition a person or matter to be dealt with ? 要對(duì)付處理的人或事物 ? a tough ~ 難對(duì)付的人或事物 evade – ? get, keep out of the way of ? ~ a blow ? ~ one’s enemies ? ~ an attack ? ~ paying ine tax plasticity ? state or quality of being plastic 可塑性，適應(yīng)性 main idea of ? When every artist thought it was his duty to show his contempt for and objection to the Eiffel tower which they considered an irreverent architectural structure. Machines soon originated new ideas and problems that could not be handled by the old ways of thinking, which is a flexible and pliable quality that was beyond human powers and absolutely new. In paragraph 10 ? The writer uses many rhetorical questions to introduce his central theme and to emphasize his arguments on the insubstantiality of the world. insubstantiality 非實(shí)在，無(wú)實(shí)體 ? insubstantial not solid or real, lacking substance ? ~ vision 幻象 undermine weaken gradually 逐漸削弱或損壞 ? His health was ~d by smoking. thingliness ? object, a physical object molecule ? n. smallest unit 分子 ? molecular ? adj. Molecular structure 分子結(jié)構(gòu) galaxy ? any of the largescale clusters of stars in outer space 星系 artifact / artefact ? artificial product 人工制品 skepticism ? skepticism ? doubting state of mind, sceptical attitude of mind 懷疑主義，懷疑態(tài)度 consistent (with) in agreement with ? What you say now is not ~ with what you said last week. radically radical fundamental, thorough and plete 根本的，基本的，徹底而完全的 ? ~ reforms ? make a ~ change in a scheme 徹底改變計(jì)劃 It is a form of perception… ? The world of nature that modern art reveals no longer contains the material objects we were familiar with instead the world is now filled with images produced by the