【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 HUST Categories School of Management, HUST 36 Categories (cont.) ?According to the trading process ?Before trading ?On trading ?After trading ?According to the objects ?Physical product ?Digital products School of Management, HUST 37 Brief history of EC ?EC applications started in the early 1970s EFT( Electronic Funds Transfer) Limited to: ?Large corporations ?Financial institutions ?A few other daring businesses School of Management, HUST 38 Brief history of EC EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) ?With the mercialization of Inter in the early 1990s, EC was coined,and its applications expanded rapidly. From 1995 to 1999 Almost every medium and largesized anization in the United States already has web site. For example: in 1999,General Motors Corp. offered 18,000 pages of information that included 98000 links to its products,services,and deals. School of Management, HUST 39 Brief History of EC (cont.) ?EDI—electronic transfer of documents: ?Purchase orders ?Invoices ?Epayments between firms doing business ?Enlarged pool of participants to include: ?Manufacturers ?Retailers ?Service providers School of Management, HUST 40 ?EC Successes ?Pure online ?eBay ?VeriSign ?AOL ?Checkpoint ?Clickandmortar ?GE ?IBM ?Intel ?Schwab School of Management, HUST 41 ?EC Failures ?Etailors began to fail in 1999 ?This does not mean that EC’s days are numbered ?Large EC panies like are expanding but success or failure is not certain School of Management, HUST 42 A brief development of EC in the world ?North America ?Europe EChristmas (HP,Microsoft, ups,visa) England: EGovernment ?The AsianPacific region Japan Singapore Korea School of Management, HUST 43 ?China ?Stages ?19971998 Conceptions stage IBM ?19992022 Embryonic(初期 ,萌芽 ) stage 8848 School of Management, HUST 44 ?20222022 Highspeed increasing stage Alibaba, dangdang , taobao, , 51job, sinopecec, ctrip Netizen(網(wǎng)民 ) accept the EC methods SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) got orders via EC Infrastructure of EC became better ?2022 developing deeply Alibaba sun (浙江網(wǎng)盛 ) 中國(guó)化工網(wǎng) REDBABY 360buy Taobao baidu School of Management, HUST 45 ?Problems ?Network infrastructure ?Payment ?Delivery ?Quality of products amp。 services ?Safety amp。 trust ?Consciousness among information, marketing, management ?Revenue (收入 ,稅收 ) ?Law ?Governments in EC School of Management, HUST 46 The Benefits of Electronic Commerce ?Expands the marketplace to national and international markets ?Decreases the cost of creating, processing, distributing, storing and retrieving paperbased information ?Allows reduced inventories and overhead by facilitating “pull” type supply chain management ?The pulltype processing allows for customization of products and services which provides petitive advantage to its implementers ?Benefits to Organizations School of Management, HUST 47 Benefits to Organizations (cont.) ?Reduces the time between the outlay of capital and the receipt of products and services ?Supports business processes reengineering (BPR) efforts ?Lowers telemunications cost the Inter is much cheaper than value added works (VANs) School of Management, HUST 48 ? Lower Communication Costs ? Efficient Procurement ? Improved Customer Relations ? UptoDate Company Material ? No City Business Permits and Fees ? Other Benefits ? Global Reach ? Cost Reduction ? Supply Chain Improvements ? Extended Hours ? Customization ? New Business Models ? Vendors? Specialization ? Rapid TimetoMarket Benefits to Organizations (cont.) School of Management, HUST 49 Benefits to Customers ?Enables customers to shop or do other transactions 24 hours a day, all year round from almost any location ?Provides customers with more choices ?Provides customers with less expensive products and services by allowing them to shop in many places and conduct quick parisons ?Allows quick delivery of products and services in some cases, especially with digitized products School of Management, HUST 50 Benefits to Customers (cont.) ?Customers can receive relevant and detailed information in seconds, rather than in days or weeks ?Makes it possible to participate in virtual auctions ?Allows customers to interact with other customers in electronic munities and exchange ideas as well as pare experiences ?Electronic merce facilitates petition, which