【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】
制的室內(nèi)環(huán)境檢測(cè)單位進(jìn)行檢測(cè),根據(jù)檢測(cè)結(jié)果確定污染程度和主要的有害成分,及時(shí)采取相應(yīng)的治理措施清除有害氣體[19]。在集中治理的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)以后緩慢釋放的有害氣體,還要利用長(zhǎng)效空氣殺菌劑進(jìn)行吸附、氧化處理,最大限度地把有害氣體消滅在剛釋放狀態(tài),從而達(dá)到長(zhǎng)期凈化空氣的目的。迄今為止,通風(fēng)是改善室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)最廉價(jià)的主要技術(shù)手段。其中民用建筑中最為常用的是全面通風(fēng)方式,即將相對(duì)潔凈的空氣送入室內(nèi),以稀釋室內(nèi)有害物質(zhì)、調(diào)節(jié)室內(nèi)溫濕度,同時(shí)將被污染的空氣排出。室內(nèi)通風(fēng)是清除苯、甲苯行之有效的辦法[20],可選用空氣換氣裝置或自然通風(fēng),這樣有利于室內(nèi)材料中苯、甲苯的散發(fā)和排放。經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Mv(Mixing Ventilation)比DV(Displacement Venti1ation)可以更好地保持室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量。室內(nèi)通風(fēng)要注意根據(jù)季節(jié)、天氣的差異和室內(nèi)人數(shù)的多少來(lái)確定換氣頻度,通常在、夏、秋季都應(yīng)留適當(dāng)?shù)耐L(fēng)口,冬季每天至少丌窗換氣30分鐘以上,但這只用于污染較輕的場(chǎng)合??刂剖覂?nèi)苯、甲苯污染,首先應(yīng)盡可能改善通風(fēng)條件,減輕空氣污染的程度。據(jù)調(diào)查資料,在空氣不流通的房間內(nèi),空氣中的病毒、細(xì)菌可隨飛沫飄浮30余小時(shí)。如果常開(kāi)門(mén)窗換氣,污濁空氣可以飄走,病毒、細(xì)菌就難以在室內(nèi)滋生繁殖。開(kāi)窗通風(fēng)能使室內(nèi)苯、甲苯濃度顯著降低,增加室內(nèi)新風(fēng)量。保證室內(nèi)有一定的新風(fēng)量。按照國(guó)家《室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》室內(nèi)新風(fēng)量應(yīng)該保證在每人每小時(shí)不少于30立方。比如廚房、衛(wèi)生間的通風(fēng)、不要人為地阻擋室內(nèi)的通風(fēng)有條件的家庭可以安裝室內(nèi)新風(fēng)機(jī)和有通風(fēng)功能的空調(diào)器,特別是一些點(diǎn)式結(jié)構(gòu)和通風(fēng)狀況不好的住宅樓更要注意??傊壳笆覂?nèi)苯、甲苯等污染物的治理技術(shù)和手段還不是萬(wàn)能的,室內(nèi)甲醛濃度超標(biāo)的需要采用多種方式治理才能有效,因此我們強(qiáng)調(diào)室內(nèi)污染治理“防治結(jié)合,以防為主”。 結(jié) 論室內(nèi)是人們接觸最為頻繁的場(chǎng)所。人的一生中約80%的時(shí)間是在室內(nèi)度過(guò)的,因而室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣直接影響到每個(gè)居民的身體健康。室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量、安全衛(wèi)生狀況直接影響著人們的學(xué)習(xí)、生活、工作和娛樂(lè)。近年來(lái)隨著我國(guó)人民生活水平的提高,室內(nèi)裝修的普及越來(lái)越快,所使用的裝飾材料的種類也越來(lái)越多,導(dǎo)致室內(nèi)污染物的種類和濃度不斷增加。多種室內(nèi)空氣污染物中,裝修帶來(lái)的苯、甲苯等有害氣體殘留時(shí)間長(zhǎng),危害性較大。了解室內(nèi)環(huán)境主要污染物的來(lái)源及其危害,加強(qiáng)節(jié)能環(huán)保意識(shí),形成科學(xué)、健康的消費(fèi)觀和生活習(xí)慣,安裝室內(nèi)空氣凈化裝置, 從污染源控制,并選好入住時(shí)間,加強(qiáng)居室通風(fēng)等有效的防治對(duì)策,預(yù)防和消除室內(nèi)環(huán)境污染對(duì)人體的傷害。謝 辭走的最快的總是時(shí)間,來(lái)不及感嘆,大學(xué)生活已近尾聲,當(dāng)初想求學(xué)期間的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴歷歷涌上心頭,時(shí)光飛逝兩年多的努力與付出,隨著本次論文的完成,將要?jiǎng)澫峦昝赖木涮?hào)。這也將是我走上社會(huì)的新起點(diǎn)……古曰:飲水當(dāng)思源,吾輩今能安心讀書(shū),亦當(dāng)感謝學(xué)校之培養(yǎng)。今文之成,謝恩莫大于是矣。師之教導(dǎo)授之以言,感之于懷;授予以魚(yú),亦之以漁。師學(xué)風(fēng)之嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),輔導(dǎo)之耐心,春風(fēng)化雨,潤(rùn)物無(wú)聲。本次論文設(shè)計(jì)從課題選擇到具體的寫(xiě)作過(guò)程,無(wú)不凝聚著蘇艷老師的心血和汗水,在我的畢業(yè)論文寫(xiě)作期間,蘇艷老師為我提供了種種專業(yè)知識(shí)上的指導(dǎo)和一些富于創(chuàng)造性的建議,沒(méi)有這樣的幫助和關(guān)懷,我不會(huì)這么順利的完成畢業(yè)論文。在此向蘇艷老師表示深深的感謝和崇高的敬意。在這里,還要感謝大學(xué)里所有的教過(guò)我的老師,傳授給我專業(yè)知識(shí)的同時(shí)教會(huì)了我如何做人。我今天所擁有的專業(yè)知識(shí),是他們辛勤耕耘的結(jié)果。是他們把我領(lǐng)進(jìn)了會(huì)計(jì)系統(tǒng)這個(gè)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域,使我有了前進(jìn)的方向,將來(lái)我還會(huì)繼續(xù)在這一領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行研究,不管我走多遠(yuǎn),你們的教導(dǎo)我始終我記在心里。最后要深深地感謝我的父母親和家人,我永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)忘記你們的良苦用心和對(duì)我一如既往的支持與鼓勵(lì)。希望你們永遠(yuǎn)能夠開(kāi)心快樂(lè),身體健康!感謝和我一起生活三年的室友,是你們讓我們的寢室充滿快樂(lè)與溫馨,愿我們以后的人生都可以充實(shí)、多彩與快樂(lè)!一個(gè)人的成長(zhǎng)絕不是一件孤立的事,沒(méi)有別人的支持與幫助絕不可能辦到。我感謝可以有這樣一個(gè)空間,讓我對(duì)所有給予我關(guān)心、幫助的人說(shuō)聲“謝謝!”今后,我會(huì)繼續(xù)努力,好好工作!好好學(xué)習(xí)!好好生活!!參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 劉劍利,耿世栳.室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量的主要影響因素及其改善措施[J].潔凈與空調(diào)技術(shù).2004,3:22.27[2] 張亦平等.生活及工作場(chǎng)所的局部空氣凈化[J]環(huán)境保護(hù)科學(xué),1999,25:34[3] 吳慧山.室內(nèi)環(huán)境污染的概念與問(wèn)題[J].世界核地質(zhì)科學(xué),2004,21(3):172.177[4] 孔祥瑜.室內(nèi)空氣污染及其防治[J].大眾標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化.2005(1):31.33[5] Philomena M. Bluyssen. Towards an integrative approach of improving indoor air quality[J].Building and Environment 2009,44(7):1980~1989.[6] 】H Osawa, M Hayashi.Status of the indoor air chemical pollution in Japanese houses based on the nationwide field survey from 2000 to 2005[J].Building and Environment, 2009, 44(7):1330~1336.[7] N.Kagi,S.Fujii, H Tamura, et al. Secondary VOC emissions from flooring material surfaces exposed to ozone Or UV irradiation[J].Building and Environment,2009,44(7):1 199~1205.[8] 張華山,龔著革.室內(nèi)空氣污染因素對(duì)人體的危害及猙化技術(shù)措施陰.潔凈與空調(diào)技術(shù),2005(1):23~25.[9] 田仁生,嚴(yán)剛.我國(guó)室內(nèi)空氣污染控制對(duì)策研究陰.中國(guó)環(huán)境管理,2003,22(4):1~3.[10] 張軍.室內(nèi)甲醛污染檢測(cè)與控制[J].新疆石油學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2004,1:98~99[11] 金禮橋. :[12] 張國(guó)強(qiáng). 室內(nèi)裝修污染及其防治對(duì)策. 山西能源與節(jié)能,2010,10:62[13] 徐東群,尚兵,襲著革.居住環(huán)境空氣污染與健康[M].北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2005.[14] 胡望鈞.常見(jiàn)有毒有害品環(huán)境事故應(yīng)急處置技術(shù)與監(jiān)測(cè)方法咖.北京:中國(guó)科學(xué)出版社,1993.[15] 民用建筑工程室內(nèi)環(huán)境污染控制規(guī)范GB50325—2001[S][16] 室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T18883—2002[S].[17] 彭放,葉勇軍,唐果. ,2007,19[18] ,2009,21[19] ,2007,33[20] 杜志芳. 民用建筑室內(nèi)環(huán)境污染與控制的研究. 華北電力大學(xué)(保定),2009,04,20外文資料翻譯Interior decoration material pollution prevention measuresWith the popularization of modern indoor decoration, people also gradually realize the importance of indoor environment, most families hope to decorate not give to their environment from pollution or bring adverse effect, the health of the health and safety of the living environment in the first place, and not like the way it was too much emphasis on indoor decorative, it cannot say one kind of aware reason and progress. By contrast, adornment material production in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state though increasingly standard, but specific interior design and site requirements specification is differ, under shi and no strict indoor environment detects the standard system, and the lack of relatively professional indoor environment detects the unit and so on, these make indoor environment quality pollution problems are still outstanding.First, the main source of indoor air pollution and harmAt present the main source of indoor air pollution is interior decoration material and furniture. In interior decoration materials, paint, plywood, particieboard, foam packing, interior wall coatings, plastic cover and binder etc material all contains formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, toluene organic volatile material, these organic volatiles within certain time can release many harmful gas, and is persistent release. In indoor environment pollutant mainly have formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, radon these kinds of harmful substances. Formaldehyde, a volatile sex harmful substances, decorative materials of all sorts of plank, paint and the binder contains this kind material. More According to the world cancer research organization research shows that formaldehyde is listed as the first class of carcinogens, formaldehyde human carcinogen function mainly depends on the size of its concentration on the nervous system, high concentrations of formaldehyde, immune system, liver, and others have poisonous effect, more teratogenic, the effect that cause cancer.Benzene is volatile gas from wallpaper, carpet, usually the binder and plank kind of furniture, paint the sticking in the choic 280C above a certain temperature (may also appear contain benzene kind material volatile phenomenon, main irritating to eyes, respiratory and skin irritating effect of strong, hematopoiesis also have the inhibition. Research proof, chronic benzene poisoning basically make bone marrow hematopoietic function obstacles, cause aplastic anemia. Ammonia, volatile sex harmful substances, mainly construction adding chemicals produce ammonia kind volatile, many from cement and paint of additives. So, building itself in