【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 st thing they want to see during working hours.Tutor:Very true. Philip:Yes,but managing people isn’t as easy as it looks. For example, change in the workplace can be quite tricky. Especially if there’s a need to increase profit，. And at times like these managers may have to give priority to profit rather than individual staff needs.Tutor:yes,and that creates difficult situations for people.Philip:Yes, but what’s important is that managers are able to deal with quite high levels of personal stress. During times of change they should be thinking not only about the strain on their staff but take time out to think of themselves.Tutor:Absolutely. So what are the implications of that for…Section 4Good afternoon, everyone!This is the first seninar in preparation for our archaeological fieldwork in Namibia, we are fantastically luck to have received partial research funding for this trip from our Institute, so I shall expect 200% attention and participation from you all. First in this seminar, I’m going to give a brief introduction to contemporary research on rock art, and in the second part I’m going to give you some do’s and don’ts for our fieldwork trip in April – so please listen very carefully.I’m first going to focus on the interpretation of rock art in Namibia, we are very fortunate to be going to an area where you can find some of the most important sites in the entire world. And I hope to show you how easy it is foe everyone to make mistakes in looking at cultures which are different from our pwn – the first and most important lesson we have to learn. In Namibia there are both paintings and engraving – that’s where the surface of the rock is cut out. Many of the engravings show footprints of animals and most scholars used to think that the purpose of these was simple and obvious. This r ock art was like a school book with picture to teach children about tracks whick belonged to which animal – giraffe, lion and so on.But there were some mysteries. First, when you look at a typical Namibian painting or engraving, you see the tracks are repeated, there are dozens of tracks for the same animal. You’d expect just one clear illustration if the reason – the aim – was to teach tracking.Now there were two more problem, why are some of the engraving of animals very accurate as you’d expect – all clearly identifiable and others quite unrealisticAnd another mystery – some of these unrealistic animals – that*s in the engravings – seem to be half human. Some, for example, have got human faces, Many reaearchers now think that these were pictures the wise men engraved of themselves. They belived they could use magic to control the animals they had drawn, so the hunters could then catch them for food.This shows you some of the dangers of ing from one culture to another, as we’ll be doing, without understanding it fully. Scholars imagined that children looked at rock art pictures to learn to track – just because they themselves had learnt skills from pictures, many researchers now believe that rock art had a much more plex purpose, and we*ll talk more about it next week.!Now before I invite you to join in a discussion in this second part of the seminar, I’d like to make some very important points about pur fieldwork – and in face any field trip to look at rock art.We’re going to a number of sites, and we won’t always to together. The single largest problem faced by people who manage the sites is – yes, I’m sure you’ve guessed – damage caused by visi tors, even though it’s usually unintentional.Whenever,you do go to a site, don’t forget you can learn many things from observing at a distance instead of walking all over it. This can really help to reduce visitor pressure. People often say. “Well,there’s only two of us and just this one time”,but maybe thousands of people are saying the same thing.And then some basic rules to guide you – we’ll have our own camp near a village, but remember never to camp on a site if you go on your own,. It may be disrespectful to the people of that culture, and certainly don’t make fires, however romantic it may seem, It’s really dangerous in dry areas, and you can easily burn priceless undiscovered material by doing so.So, how are we going to enjoy the rock art on our field trip? By looking at it, drawing it and photographine it – NEVER by touching it or even tracing it. Rock art is fragile and precious.Remember that climbing on rocks and in caves can destroy in a moment what has lasted for centuries. So no heroics in Namibia, please! Try to be extra careful and help others to be too.And lastly please don’t even move rocks or branches to take photographs – you should leave the site intace – I’m sure I can rely on you to do that.. Well,That’s about all I want to say before today’s first discussion, but if you have any question please ask them now – and don’t forget you’ll find some fascinating information about worldwide sites on the Internet. Right, first question then? Text 2Section 1Woman: Hello… motor insurance department …Man: Oh hello… I’d like to ask about insurance for my car.Woman: Yes, of course. I’ll just take a few details. What’s your name?Man: Patrick Jones.Woman: And your addrss?Man: It’s 27 Bank Road.Woman: 27 Bank Road. Is that in Greendale?Man: Yes.Woman: And what’s your daytime phone number?Man: My work number is 730453.Woman: And could ask what your occupation is?Man: Dentist.Woman: OK… now a few details about your car… What size is the engine?Man: It’s a Hewton Sable.Woman: Could you spell the model nam