【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 即花鍵強度滿足要求驅(qū)動橋殼基本參數(shù)的選擇與設(shè)計計算當(dāng)牽引力或制動力最大時，橋殼鋼板彈簧座處危險斷面的彎曲應(yīng)力和扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力分別為其中（為地面對車輪垂直反力在危險斷面引起的垂直平面內(nèi)的彎矩，為輪胎中心平面到板簧座之間的橫向距離?。ㄒ粋?cè)車輪上的牽引力或制動力在水平面內(nèi)引起的彎矩）（牽引或制動時上述危險斷面所受轉(zhuǎn)矩）（分別為危險斷面處的垂直平面和水平面的彎曲的抗彎截面系數(shù)和抗扭截面系數(shù)，危險斷面處為圓管形）當(dāng)側(cè)向力最大時，橋殼內(nèi)、外板簧座處斷面的彎曲應(yīng)力、分別為其中（、為內(nèi)外側(cè)車輪的地面垂直反力）（側(cè)滑時的附著系數(shù)）（輪胎中心平面到板簧座之間的橫向距離）當(dāng)汽車通過不平路面時，危險斷面的彎曲應(yīng)力為驅(qū)動橋殼靜彎曲應(yīng)力為橋殼的許用彎曲應(yīng)力為300～500MPa，許用扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力為150～400MPa?？慑戣T鐵橋殼取較小值，鋼板沖壓焊接橋殼取較大值。通過以上計算說明本方案設(shè)計的橋殼滿足強度要求。 主減速器錐齒輪軸承的壽命計算 作用在主減速器主、從動齒輪上的力實踐證明軸承主要的損壞形式是疲勞損傷，所以應(yīng)按輸入的當(dāng)量轉(zhuǎn)矩進行計算，作用在主減速器主動錐齒輪上的當(dāng)量轉(zhuǎn)矩可按下式計算其中（發(fā)動機最大轉(zhuǎn)矩）、（變速器各擋使用率單位%，參考劉惟信《汽車設(shè)計》中的表69）、（變速器各擋傳動比，參考劉惟信《汽車設(shè)計》中的表92）、（變速器各擋時發(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)矩利用率單位%，參考劉惟信《汽車設(shè)計》中的表915）主動齒輪齒寬中點處的圓周力F為其中（齒輪齒面寬中點的分度圓直徑，由附錄A程序得）其中（雙曲面主、從齒輪的螺旋角，由附錄A程序得）且（主動錐齒輪面錐角、從動齒輪跟根錐角）（法向壓力角）則作用在齒輪上的軸向力和徑向力分別為主動齒輪的軸向力主動齒輪的徑向力從動齒輪的軸向力從動齒輪的徑向力 軸承載荷的計算如上圖所示主動齒輪軸承A的徑向載荷為軸承A的軸向載荷為軸承B的徑向載荷為軸承B的軸向載荷為軸承C的徑向載荷為軸承C的軸向載荷為軸承D的徑向載荷為軸承D的軸向載荷為 主動錐齒輪軸承壽命校核軸承A壽命校核軸承A（32209）的當(dāng)量動載荷（查機械設(shè)計手冊得，當(dāng)時）其中（載荷系數(shù)，在車輛設(shè)計中，本設(shè)計?。◤较騽虞d荷系數(shù)、軸向動載荷系數(shù)）（判斷系數(shù)，查機械設(shè)計手冊得）基本額定壽命以轉(zhuǎn)為單位時軸承B壽命校核軸承B（32210）的當(dāng)量動載荷（查機械設(shè)計手冊得，當(dāng)時）其中（載荷系數(shù)，在車輛設(shè)計中，本設(shè)計取）（判斷系數(shù)，查機械設(shè)計手冊得）基本額定壽命以轉(zhuǎn)為單位時 從動錐齒輪軸承壽命校核軸承C壽命校核軸承C（32212）的當(dāng)量動載荷（查機械設(shè)計手冊得，當(dāng)時）其中（載荷系數(shù)，在車輛設(shè)計中，本設(shè)計取）（徑向動載荷系數(shù)、軸向動載荷系數(shù)）（判斷系數(shù)，查機械設(shè)計手冊得）基本額定壽命以轉(zhuǎn)為單位時軸承D壽命校核軸承D（32212）的當(dāng)量動載荷（查機械設(shè)計手冊得，當(dāng)時）基本額定壽命以轉(zhuǎn)為單位時通過以上計算說明本方案所設(shè)計的軸承的壽命均達到了汽車行業(yè)所規(guī)定的載貨汽車的軸承壽命不低于250000Km的要求。結(jié)論畢業(yè)設(shè)計是對大學(xué)四年學(xué)習(xí)成果的綜合運用和檢驗。在本次設(shè)計中，我對大學(xué)四年所學(xué)的所有課程進行了系統(tǒng)認(rèn)真的復(fù)習(xí)，對在各門專業(yè)課、專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課所學(xué)的理論知識有了很好的深化。但由于所學(xué)知識有限，再加上時間倉促，設(shè)計中不免有不妥乃至錯誤之處，懇請各位老師批評指正。致謝將近四個月的畢業(yè)設(shè)計完成了，在此向指導(dǎo)教師吳老師的悉心指導(dǎo)和辛勤付出表示最衷心的感謝，也向在大學(xué)四年中給我諄諄教誨的老師們和給我巨大幫助的同學(xué)們表示感謝。參考文獻1 ：機械工業(yè)出版社，20032 ：機械工業(yè)出版社，20043 ：清華大學(xué)出版社,20014 ：人民交通出版社,19875 ：機械工業(yè)出版社，20006 ：科學(xué)出版社,20017 ：清華大學(xué)出版社,20048 甘永立、：吉林人民出版社,20019 . 吉林：吉林科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社10 . 北京：人民交通出版社,198011 成大先等. 附錄A英文原文Automatic Dent Detection on Car Bodies Motivation and problem descriptionSheet metal of car bodies sometimes will have small defects, and these defects are very difficult to detect. In car manufacturing industry, these defects on sheet metal car bodies are very harmful to the quality of the products, but if they can be detected and remove on an early stage, a lot of repairing work will be saved. However, the defects such as small dents, pits, and small ripples are usually very difficult to be inspected by human eyes, and it is very inefficient and inaccurate using human detection, therefore it is quite necessary to design an automatic system that can effectively detect the defects on the sheet metal surface and mark their positions so that later repairing work can be easily carried out.An automatic dent detection system must meet the following requirements: 1. The accuracy of the measurement system has to be on a sufficient level, because the size of the dents is usually very small.2. The detection must be very effective. It is more acceptable for the car manufacturers to improve the accuracy of their production systems rather than a long time waiting for a detection process to remove some small defects. The detection time for a single sheet metal car part should be less than 10 minutes.3. The system should be smart enough and can tell a dent from the artifact features on the car part. The car part is a manufactured ponent with specific features for functional and aesthetic purposes, such as folded lines, pockets and holes.4. The system should require the least of humaninvolvement.This kind of defect detection system can be primarily concluded into two kinds of categories with very different methodologies. The first one is very straight forward, which adopts the surface information data, and tries to implement a subtraction with the data of design model or a chunk of master piece without defects on it. The positions with left out data are just where defects locate. The other one copes with this problem from the opposite direction, and it is to inspect the obtained surface data, and tries to find out all possible positions of dents, and then implement someclassification and verification methods to distinguish dents from other possible features such as artifacts or noise with the assistant of design models. The remaining positions are just defect locations.The first method, although is very straight forward and easy to implement, there are several problems which will prevent the system being robust and automatic. Since this method is based on subtraction, a very nice surface model or master piece must be first derived. However, since the surface inspection sensor always has a size limitation, which does not cover the whole model, so that alignment, surface reconstruction and partial surface registration are required, which are heavy putational tasks. The other problem is that usually the production line is a vibrate system, so that it is difficult to make sure the precise location of the model, which makes the registration very difficult. Therefore a model independent system is desired with the least location information and registration calculations. The second method is based on local feature extraction, and the design model plays a role of assistance. Because it does not require position information, no registration or reconstruction is need, this method is very robust and efficient. Therefore this kind of feature base detection method is widely used in all kinds of defect detection and quality inspection systems. Optical Surface Inspection SystemModern surface inspection system adopts all kinds of methods, but the efficient nondamage surface inspection system takes advantage of optical devices in this or that way. The monly used methods are Physical Optics methods, the mostly mon used Laser Scanner System based on range images, and the Machine Vision System based on 2D imaging of the surface.The dents and ripples detection proble