【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 Navajos and all the socialS:然后它是印第安人的家園納瓦霍人社會history that goes with that. The hardships they endured trying to save their territory與歷史。他們?nèi)淌艿钠D難努力拯救他們的領(lǐng)地from the invading settlers. Their culture is so rich all those wonderful stories.從入侵的定居者。他們的文化是如此豐富——所有這些精彩的故事。T: Well, I agree it39。s interesting, but it39。s not immediately relevant to your proposal,T:嗯,我認為這很有趣,但它不是立即與你的建議,Sandra, so at this stage, I suggest you focus on other considerations. I think an桑德拉,所以在這個階段,我建議你關(guān)注其他的考慮。我認為一個indication of what the students on the trip could actually do when they get there指示學(xué)生在旅途中可以做什么當他們到達那里should be far more centraI, Q2527so that certainly needs to be included and to be應(yīng)該更centraI Q2527so,當然需要包括和是多少expanded upon. And I39。d like to see something about the local wildlife, and vegetation擴展。和我想看一些關(guān)于當?shù)氐囊吧鷦游锖椭参飔oo, Q2527not that I imagine there’s much to see. Presumably the tourist invasion太,Q2527not我想象有很多。大概是旅游的入侵hasn39。t helped.沒有幫助。S: Okay, I ’II do some work on those two areas as well. But you39。re right, there39。s not年代:好吧,我二世做一些工作在這兩個領(lǐng)域。但你是對的,沒有much apart from some very shallowrooted species. Although it39。s cold and snowy除了一些非常淺根物種。盡管很冷和下雪的there in the winter, the earth is baked so hard in the summer sun that rainwater can39。t在冬天,大地在夏天的太陽烤那么辛苦,雨水不能penetrate. so it’s a case of flood or drought, really.穿透。這是一個洪水或干旱,真的。T: So, I understand. Now, before we look at everything in more detail, I’ve got few師:所以,我理解?，F(xiàn)在,在我們更詳細地看一切之前,我有幾個actual questions for you. It would be a good idea to include the answers in your實際問題。這將是一個好主意,包括在你的答案finished proposal, because they39。re missing from your draft.完成提案,因為他們?nèi)鄙倌愕牟莞?。S: Fine.史:好。T: so, you mentioned the monoliths and the spires, which was good, but what areaT:那么,你提到的巨石和尖頂,這很好,但是區(qū)域does the tribal park cover? Do you know?部落公園覆蓋嗎?你知道嗎?S: 12,000 hectares,Q28 and the plain is at about 5,850 meters above sea level.年代:12000公頃,Q28和平原海拔約5850米。T: Larger than I expected. Okay. Where39。s the nearest acmodation? That39。s aT:比我原先想的要大。好吧。最近的住宿在哪里?這是一個practical detail that you haven39。t included. Have you done any research on that?實際的細節(jié)你還沒有包括在內(nèi)。你做了任何研究嗎?S: Yes. There39。s nowhere to stay in the park itself, but there39。s an old trading post called學(xué)生:是的。沒有地方呆在公園本身,但是有一個古老的貿(mào)易站Goulding quite near. AII kinds of tours start from Goulding, too.高爾丁很近了。各類型的旅游從高爾丁。T: What kind of tours?師:什么樣的旅游?S: Well,the most popular are in fourwheel drive jeeps but I wouldn39。t remendS:嗯,最受歡迎的是四輪驅(qū)動吉普車,但我不推薦hiring those. I think the best way to appreciate the area would be to hire horsesQ29雇傭那些。我認為最好的方式去欣賞這個地區(qū)會雇傭horsesQ29instead and trek around on those. Biking is not allowed and it39。s impossible to drive相反,跋涉在這些。騎自行車是不允許的,是不可能的around the area in private vehicles. The tracks are too rough.在該地區(qū)私人車輛。跟蹤太粗糙。T: Okay, lastly, what else is worth visiting there?T:好吧,最后,還有什么值得參觀嗎?S: There are several caves, but I haven’t looked into any details. I39。II find out about史:有幾個洞穴,但是我還沒有考慮任何細節(jié)。我會找出them.他們。T: Okay, good. Now what I39。d like to know is . . .T:好,很好。現(xiàn)在我想知道的是。Section 4第四節(jié)So, wele to your introductory geography lecture. We’ll begin with some basics.所以,歡迎你介紹地理課。我們將開始一些基礎(chǔ)知識。Firstly what do we learn by studying geography?首先我們通過學(xué)習(xí)地理學(xué)習(xí)什么?Well, we learn a great deal about all the processes that have affected and that continue我們學(xué)到很多關(guān)于影響所有進程,繼續(xù)to affect the earth39。s surfaceQ31. But we learn far more than that, because studying影響地球的surfaceQ31。但是我們學(xué)習(xí)遠遠超過,因為學(xué)習(xí)geography also informs us about the different kinds of relationships that develop地理位置還告訴我們關(guān)于不同種類的關(guān)系,發(fā)展between a particular environments Q32and the people that live there.特定環(huán)境之間Q32and的人住在那里。Okay. We like to think of geography as having two main branches. There39。s the study好吧。我們喜歡認為地理是有兩個主要分支。有研究of the nature of our planet its physical features, what it actually looks like and then地球的本質(zhì)——它的物理特性,它實際上是什么樣子,然后there39。s the study of the ways in which we choose to live and of the impact Q33of有研究的方法中,我們選擇生活和Q33of的影響those on our planet. Our current use of carbon fuels is a good example of that.這些在我們的星球上。我們當前使用碳燃料是一個很好的例子。But there are more specific study areas to consider too, and we’ll be looking at each但也有更具體的研究領(lǐng)域來考慮,我們會看of these in turn throughout this semester. These include biophysical geography, by這些反過來在這個學(xué)期。這些包括生物物理學(xué)地理、which 1 mean the study of the natural environment and all its living things. Then1的意思是研究自然環(huán)境和所有的生物。然后there39。s topography that looks at the shapes of the land and oceans. There39。s the study的地形,看著陸地和海洋的形狀。有研究of political geography and social geography too, of course, which is the study of政治地理和社會地理,當然,這是研究munities of people. We have economic geography in which we examine all社區(qū)的人。我們有經(jīng)濟地理我們檢查所有kinds of resources and their use agriculture, for example. Next es historical種資源及其使用——農(nóng)業(yè),例如。接下來是歷史geography the understanding of how people and their environments and the ways地理的了解人們是如何和他們的環(huán)境和方式they interact have changed over a period of time and urbanQ34 geography, an aspect相互作用改變了在一段時間內(nèi)——urbanQ34地理、一個方面I39。m particularly interested in, which takes as its focus the location of cities, the我特別感興趣,它需要作為其重點城市的位置,services that those cities provide, and migration of people to and from such cities. And這些城市提供的服務(wù),和遷移的人從這些城市。和lastly, we have cartography. That39。s the art and science of map making. You39。ll be doing最后,我們有制圖。這是地圖的藝術(shù)和科學(xué)。你會做a lot of that!很多!So, to summarize before we continue, we now have our key answer . . . studying this所以,總結(jié)在我們繼續(xù)之前,我們現(xiàn)在有關(guān)鍵答案。研究這個subject is important because without geographical knowledge, we would know very主題是很重要的,因為如果沒有地理知識,我們就會知道little about our surroundings and we wouldn39。t be able to identify all the problemsQ35對我們的環(huán)境,我們不能識別所有problemsQ35that relate to them. so, by definition, we wouldn39。t be in an informed position to work與他們。因此,根據(jù)定義,我們不會在一個通知工作out how to solve any of them.如何解決其中任何一個。Okay, now for some pract