【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 高學(xué)生批評(píng)性閱 讀和分析的能力，以及運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言文字策略的能力。 關(guān)鍵詞：批評(píng)性話語(yǔ)分析；哥本哈根氣候峰會(huì)；三維話語(yǔ)分析模 式；系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)法；意識(shí)形態(tài) iv List of Figures and Tables Table Three kinds of structure in the clause…………………………………………………………… .19 Table Research instruments…………………………………………………………………………… ..22 Table Overview of process types………………………………………………… …………………… ..24 Table Degrees of modality and modulation…………………………………………………………… ..25 Table Two kinds of reporting speech patterns………………………………………………………… ..25 Table Three types of reporting verbs…………………………………………………………………… 26 Table Two groups of top nouns used in China Daily and New York Times…………………………… ..32 Table Comparison of the two groups of key nouns from different subjects…………………………… .32 Table Distribution of six processes in the headlines of China Daily and New York Time……………… 34 Table Material processes with the actors like ―China‖ or ―US‖……………………………………… ...35 Table Material processes with the actors like ―developing/poor countries‖ or ―developed/rich countries‖… .……………………………………………………………………………………………… ..36 Table Distribution of modal verbs in the China Daily and New York Times…………………………… 37 Table List of reporting verbs with their frequencies appearing in the two newspapers……………… ..38 Table Distribution of the reporting verbs in China Daily and New York Times………… …………… ..38 Figure Fairclough‘s dimension of discourse and discourse analysis…………………………………… 13 Figure Fairclough‘s threedimensional framework..…………………………………………………… 14 Figure Types of modality……………………………………………………………………………… .25 Figure Window of ……………………………………………………………………… .27 Figure Relative key words in China Daily…………………………………………………………… ..30 Figure Relative key words in New York Times………………………………………………………… .31 v List of Abbreviations CDA: Critical Discourse Analysis CLS: Critical Language Study SFG: Systemic Functional Grammar vi Chapter One Introduction Chapter One Introduction Research background As what Dr. Pachauri (2020), chairman of the IPCC, stated in his speech at the weling ceremony of the Copenhagen Climate Conference that warming of the climate system is unequivocal as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global sea level, the world is more and more impacted by the climate change. The theme of climate change is so powerful that its influence stretches into almost every part of the world. Each individual is seized by the fear of suffering from the catastrophe of the climate change and every country is inevitably involved in the climate war, according to Gwnne Dyer, the author of Climate Wars. There is a boom of media coverage concerning the climate issues accordingly. According to Xu Yanxu (2020), reports on environmental issues in the People’s Daily rise sharply during the last 10 years. Another investigation suggests a steady increase in coverage on climate change in the US and UK from 2020 to 2020. Boykoff (2020)‘s research on the world newspaper coverage of climate change or global warming from 2020 to 2020 find that world newspaper coverage of climate change reaches a peak in December 2020. Fowler (1991: 1) has pointed to the fact that the content of newspapers is not facts about the world, but in a very general sense ideas, beliefs, values, theories, propositions and ideology. Under the influence of semiotic theories such as Roland Barthes‘ mythologies, news which is pared to the sign in the semiotics is constructed from the society and is coded with the representation of the ideological practice. Thus, the news coverage concerning the climate issues will help provide the basic information and persuasion, frame one‘s views toward the ecologic living pla as well as promote one to take some appropriate innovative actions. Tens of thousands of climate activists from more than 190 countries assembled in Copenhagen on December 7, 2020 hoping to save the globe. China and America, the two biggest and most influential countries, which have their individual model of development, specific cultural and value backgrounds, probably select different perspectives to view the significant issues of climate change. In order to interpret and appropriate the relation between signs, meanings and the social and historical conditions which govern the semiotic structure of news discourse, theory of critical linguistics and methods from Halliday‘s systemicfunctional linguistics are usually applied cooperatively. Thus, this study 1 A Critical Discourse Analysis of the SinoUS English News Coverage of the Copenhagen Climate Summit employs the approach of critical discourse analysis (CDA henceforth) to the analysis of the news reports in Chinese and American newspapers on . climate summit in Copenhagen from December 7, 2020 to December 19, 2020. Comparatively, the previous studies of news from CDA perspective have seldom touched such news topics as environmental or climate issues. They are limited to the survey of one country and the research instruments are restrained to linguistic instruments, if any. This research tries to search the hidden ideology behind the news by paring the news reports of the two countries, namely, China and America from the perspective of CDA using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Research purpose and significance With the progress of the world‘s industrialization, environmental problems especially the issues of climate change have bee incr