【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 類副詞時 ,常強(qiáng)調(diào)動作完成 ,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù) . already ―已經(jīng)” 。 yet ―仍然 , 還” 這兩個副詞常常用于完成時態(tài) , 其中 already 常用于肯定句 , yet常用于否定句和疑問句中。 如 : Jim has already finished his work. Jim已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。 Mother hasn‘t e home yet. 媽媽還沒回來。 Haven‘t you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你還沒讀過 《 野性的呼喚 》 嗎？ ? 現(xiàn)在完成時： 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況， 不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用（如： in 1990，last Sunday 等）。 ? 一般過去時： 一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束），它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。 現(xiàn)在完成時 與一般過去時的區(qū)別： have / has + V過去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 如： Have you read that story？ 你讀過那個故事嗎？（“讀”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。） I have bought two apples． 我買了兩個蘋果。 （“買”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個蘋果。） 4. 在現(xiàn)在完成時中 ever, never, just, already, yet在用法和意思上有什么區(qū)別？ 在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的幾個副詞： already, just, ever, yet, never等。 already, just多用于肯定句中 ， ever, yet, never多用于疑問句和否定句中。 如： I have already finished my homework． 我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。 He has just had his meal．他剛吃過飯。 Have you ever sung this English song？ 你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？ They haven?t started yet. 他們還沒有身。 We have never heard of it． 我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。 (1). Have (has) been in 意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長時間”，常與 表示一段時間的狀語 連用。 Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。 5. have been in, have been to 與 have gone to 的用法 (2). Have (has) been to 意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳c just, ever, never 等連用。 如： I‘ve just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？ Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。 (3). Have (has) been to 后面可接 次數(shù) ， 表示去過某地幾次。 如： I39。ve been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。 They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。 (4). Have (has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般 不用第一、二人稱代詞作主語。 如 : —Where is Tom? 湯姆在哪里？ —He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。 例如： He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。 (他已前往香港 , 或在途中 , 或已到達(dá)。說話人暗示他現(xiàn)在不在現(xiàn)場 ) He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到過香港。 (說話人認(rèn)為他過去到過香港 , 現(xiàn)在已不在該地。 言外之意他對香港有所了解 ) How long have you had that bike over there? I39。ve had it for three years. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? He‘s owned it since his fourth birthday. Have you ever played football? Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven39。t played for a while now. Grammar Focus for 和 since 在現(xiàn)在完成時中的應(yīng)用 for與 since都能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，但區(qū)別較大： （ 1） for后須接“時間段” He has studied English for five years. 他學(xué)英語 5年了。 （ 2） since后須接“時間點” He has studied English since 1999. 他從 1999年開始學(xué)英語。 （ 3） 二者可以轉(zhuǎn)換 for + 一段時間 = since + 一段時間 + ago He has been here for five weeks. = He has been here since five weeks ago. 他到這兒已經(jīng)有五個星期了。 如： He has taught here since he came to China. 自從他來到中國就在這兒教書。 We have been friends since we met in school. 我們從在學(xué)校見面起就成為了好朋友。 (4) since能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句 (主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時 )，而 for則不能。 （ 5） 現(xiàn)在完成時常用句型： ① It is (has been) +時間段 + since +時間狀語或從句 It is four days since last Friday. 從上周五到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)四天了。 It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing. 吉姆來北京已經(jīng)兩年了。 ② This is the first (second…) time that + 從句 句型中的 that從句通常使用現(xiàn)在完成時。 如 ： This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been to China. 這是珍妮和丹妮第一次來屮國。 This is the third time that I have seen Karen. 這是我第三次見到 Karen。 （ 6） 均須與延續(xù)性動詞連用，也可以與非延 續(xù)性動詞的否定式連用。 如 : I have bought this puter since four years ago. ( ) I have had this puter since four years ago. (√) I haven‘t bought anything for two months.(√ ) I haven39。t heard from him for 3 weeks. (√) 非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 leave — be away borrow — keep buy — have begin/start — be on die — be dead finish be over open sth — keep sth open fall ill — be ill get up—be up, e here — be here, join — be on +組織機(jī)構(gòu) /be a member 組織機(jī)構(gòu) , go there — be there, bee — be, e back—be back, fall asleep — be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach — be (in), leave — be away from, get to know — know, go (get) out —tie out， put on—wear, catch a cold —have a cold, get married—be married 等。 ? The old man died 4 years ago. — The old man has been dead for 4 years. ? It is 4 years since the old man died. —Four years has passed since the old man died. ? He joined the Party 2 years ago. —He has been in the Party for 2 years. ?I bought the book 5 days ago. —I have had the book for 5 days. 如： （ 7） 二者引出的時間狀語往往用 how long提問。 —How long have you had this book? 這本書你買多久了 ? —For a week./Since a week ago. 買一周了。 is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. __________________________________ 2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago. ________________________________________________________________ 4a Rewrite the sentences using for or since. Jim has been in Japan for three days. They are very hungry because they haven‘t had their meal for ten hours. 3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2022. _______________________________ 4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago. ___________________________________ 5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. ____________________________________ I have had a camera since 2022. I have known Anna for three years . Linda has been ill since Monday . 1. I ______________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to ____ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold. 2. They_______________ (never own) any pets, but they ____________ (always want) to have a dog. 3. We________