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高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法圖表總結(jié)重點(diǎn)(編輯修改稿)

2025-06-26 22:49 本頁(yè)面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ike, awake, aware, asleep等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)后置 the only person awake  4   和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)   a bridge 50 meters long   5   成對(duì)的形容詞可以后置   a huge room simple and beautiful 6   形容詞短語(yǔ)一般后置 a man difficult to get on with  7  enough修飾名詞時(shí)可以前置也可以后置,但修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)要后置 ______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)  enough students breave students  brave enough enough brave  注意:多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序  熟記口訣就可以順利解題:限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高,形狀年齡和新老,顏色國(guó)籍跟材料,作用類別往后靠?!  ∫?guī)則:限定語(yǔ)(The、A)+ 描繪性形容詞 + size(?。? shape(形狀)+ age(年齡、時(shí)間)+ color(顏色)+ origin(國(guó)籍、來(lái)源)+ material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+ 名詞?! 鳷his ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷) A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish              III. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)   形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加er和est,多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most?! №?xiàng) 目   例 句   同級(jí)比較時(shí)常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as… She is as tall as her mother.   I am not as/ so good a player as you are.   雙方比較,表示一方超過(guò)另一方時(shí),用“比較級(jí) (+ than)” 的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。要注意題干中將比較的另一方陰藏起來(lái)的情況。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one). 表示一方不及另一方時(shí),用“l(fā)ess + 原級(jí) + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示   This room is less beautiful than that one.  表示一方隨另一方變化時(shí)用“the more…the more…”句型   The harder you work, the more progress you will make  用比較級(jí)來(lái)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思 I have never spent a more worrying day. 我從來(lái)沒(méi)有度過(guò)這樣令人煩惱的一天?!  。ㄒ鉃椋何叶冗^(guò)了最為令人煩惱的一天。)       倍數(shù)的表達(dá) 表達(dá)法一:A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.   The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(高)/這座新樓比那座舊樓大(高)三倍?!  ”磉_(dá)法二:A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.   Asia is four times as large as Europe.  亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍?!  ”磉_(dá)法三:A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍?!∮胻imes 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上,兩倍可以用twice或double.   注意:1. 可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal;   2. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒(méi)有最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect,superior,junior等?!  ∑?、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能  所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧  ≈髡Z(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)  賓語(yǔ)   賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)   定語(yǔ)   狀語(yǔ) Ving形式  現(xiàn)在分詞   △   △   △ △ 動(dòng)名詞 △  △   △      △    不定式(to do)   △  △ △   △ △ △   過(guò)去分詞(done)    △   △  △   △   注:現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式、過(guò)去分詞都可以作獨(dú)立成分  generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái);frankly speaking坦白地說(shuō);judging from/by...根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷;considering.../taking...into consideration考慮到……; to tell you the truth說(shuō)實(shí)話;seeing...考慮到……;supposing假設(shè),如果;providing如果;given考慮到,鑒于;provided that如果      非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化  非謂語(yǔ)  形式  構(gòu)成   時(shí)態(tài)   語(yǔ)態(tài)  復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)  否定式  主動(dòng)  被動(dòng)   不定式   一般式   to do to be done  for sb. to do sth.  或  of sb. to do sth.  在“to”前加not   或never 進(jìn)行式   to have done   to have been done  完成式 to be doing /  完成   進(jìn)行式 to have been doing / 動(dòng)名詞 一般式  doing being done ’s doing  作主語(yǔ)要用 sb’s doing 在前加not 特別注意復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式: sb’s not doing   sb’s not having done 完成式  having done having been done  現(xiàn)在分詞 與動(dòng)名詞變化形式相同     在前加not          非謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法功能的比較 做賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞比較  情況  常用動(dòng)詞 只接不定式   做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞  hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen  只接動(dòng)名詞   做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)  mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist  feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to 兩者都可以  意義基本相同   begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作,接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為)   need, want, require(主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)名詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式)  意義相反 stop to do 停止手中所做的事,去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 意義不同 remember/forget/regret to do(指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生) remember/forget/regret doing(指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生) go on to do(接著做另外一件事)   go on doing(接著做同一件事) try to do(設(shè)法,努力去做,盡力) try doing(試試去做,看有何結(jié)果) mean to do(打算做,企圖做) mean doing (意思是,意味著) can’t help (to) do(不能幫忙做)   can’t help doing(忍不住要做)   be considered to have done被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)做了  consider…to be認(rèn)為是 consider doing考慮做某事                           非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 分 類 常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞  與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念 例 句  不定式   ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage   主謂關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成      I asked to be sent to the countryside.  I heard him call me several times.  have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make   現(xiàn)在分詞   notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel   主謂關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,尚未完成  I found her listening to the radio. 過(guò)去分詞  動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài) We found the village greatly changed.     IV. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 分 類  區(qū) 別  例 句   不定式 與被修飾詞往往有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,一般式表示將來(lái),進(jìn)行式表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,完成式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生  I have a lot of papers to type. I have a lot of papers to be typed.  I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.(介詞at不能丟)  動(dòng)名詞 通常指被修飾詞的用途,無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系  Shall we go to the swimming pool?  現(xiàn)在分詞 與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生  the boiling water / the boiled water   the developing country/the developed country  the falling leaves/the fallen leaves   過(guò)去分詞   與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完成或只表示狀態(tài)   注意:the bridge to be built 將建造的橋, the bridge being built 正在建造的橋,the bridge built已經(jīng)建好的橋                           八、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞    情態(tài)動(dòng)詞  用 法  否定式 疑問(wèn)式   簡(jiǎn)答式  can  能力(體力,智力,技能)  允許或許可(口語(yǔ)中常用)   可能性(表猜測(cè),用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中)   can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? Yes,…can. No,…can’t. could   couldn’t do   may  可以(問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求)  可能,或許(表推測(cè))   祝愿(用于倒裝句中)   may not do May…do…?      Yes,…may.  No,…mustn’t/can’t.   might might not do  Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not.   must 必須,應(yīng)該(表主觀要求)
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