【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】
able at the table in class in the classby sea by the sea go to school go to the schoola number of the number of*兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個(gè)不同東西?!e raises a black and a white cat. 他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓?!he black and the white cats are hers. 這只黑貓和白貓都是他的。*如后一個(gè)形容詞無(wú)冠詞,則指一物。 He raises a black and white cat. 他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。4. 冠詞的位置1)不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前。注意: a. 位于下列形容詞之后: such,what,many,half, I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.b. 當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后: It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a way.c. quite,rather與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。 如:quite a nice picture2)定冠詞位置 定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等詞之后,名詞之前。 All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。(五)形容詞和副詞1. 形容詞的用法:形容詞修飾名詞,說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。也可以放在聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)。1)直接說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 That’s a heavy box.(定語(yǔ)) He’s very happy to e here.(表語(yǔ)) The good news made me very happy.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))2) 有些形容詞是表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。例如: afraid 害怕的 alone單獨(dú),獨(dú)自 asleep睡著的 ill生病的。 He is an ill man. (錯(cuò)) The man is ill. (對(duì)) She is an afraid girl.(錯(cuò)) The girl is afraid. (對(duì))這類形容詞還有: well(身體)好的unwell(身體)不舒適的; alike相象的,alive活著的, awake醒著的等3) 形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody 等不定代詞時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:something nicea. 大部分形容詞加ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly友好的,lovely可愛的,lonely孤單的, lively熱鬧的,有生氣的,活潑的等仍為形容詞。 She sang lovely. (錯(cuò)) Her singing was lovely. (對(duì)) He spoke to me very friendly.(錯(cuò)) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. (對(duì))b. 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。 如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry 如: The poor are losing hope.c. 有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。 the British,the English,the French,the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of .)多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~數(shù)詞描繪詞(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) 出處材料性質(zhì),類別名詞a small round table a dirty old brown shirta tall gray building a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car典型例題:1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two答案:C。由限定詞數(shù)詞描繪詞(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) 性質(zhì)名詞的公式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old答案:A。幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。3) How was your recent visit to Qingdao? It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ___days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last答案:B。本題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問(wèn)題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個(gè)形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的放在后,在不能確定時(shí),可參照下表:a. 限定詞+數(shù)量詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體+those + three + beautiful + large + square b. 新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞old + brown + wood + table副詞主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 副詞的用法:用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其它副詞,在句中做狀語(yǔ)。3. 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)大多數(shù)形容詞(性質(zhì)形容詞)和副詞有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化,即原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),用來(lái)表示事物的等級(jí)差別。原級(jí)即形容詞和副詞的原形,比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1)掌握比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化形式;2)單音節(jié)形容詞及部分雙音節(jié)次加-er, est;3)部分雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞前面加more, most或less, least構(gòu)成;4)不規(guī)則變化形式:原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good / wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmanymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest:1)在比較級(jí)前可以使用下列一些單詞或短語(yǔ)加以修飾:much, a little, even, far, a bit, still, a lot等 數(shù)詞 + 量詞也可以修飾比較級(jí) 如:He is two years younger than I. 還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語(yǔ)。This room is twice as big as that one.2) 要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí) (錯(cuò)) He is more cleverer than his brother. (對(duì)) He is more clever than his brother. 或He is clever than his brother.3) 要避免將主語(yǔ)含在比較對(duì)象中。 (錯(cuò)) China is larger that any country in Asia. (對(duì)) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.4) 不含than的形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)前可以加不定冠詞a, an a / an + 比較級(jí) + 名詞 How fast he runs. I’ve never seen a better runner. 比較級(jí)前加定冠詞the表示特指。 Tom is the taller of the two brothers.5)than 后面可以用主格,也可以用賓格。但有時(shí)也有區(qū)別。 I’m taller than he / him. I like the boy than her. 比較:I like the boy than she.5.比較級(jí)的常見句型:1)比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí) 越來(lái)越……2)the + 比較級(jí)…, the + 比較級(jí)…. 越…,就越…3)as…as 和……一樣。 not as / so …as和……不一樣。不如……中間用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)4)like …. better than … 和……相比更喜歡……5)寧可……也不…. Prefer to do sth rather than do sth. prefer to do sth. prefer doing sth to doing sth.6)more B than A 與其說(shuō)A,不如說(shuō)B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work.7)no more… than… 與……一樣……,不比……多 The