【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 being run B. run C. to run D. running【D】三、用在order, want, wish, expect等表示“希望、要求”的動(dòng)詞后面作賓補(bǔ)。如：【考例點(diǎn)擊】She wants her paintings 　　　 in the gallery, but we don’t think they would be verypopular. (2007上海春)A. display B. to display C. displaying D. displayed【D】【拓展】此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后跟to do和done作賓補(bǔ)。to do表主動(dòng)，done表被動(dòng)。四、在“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”中作賓補(bǔ)。如：The day ended with nothing settled.那一天什么也沒(méi)解決就結(jié)束了。John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work 　　　, he gladly accepted it.(2007安徽卷)A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished【A】【拓展】在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如：— Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.— Sorry. With so much work 　　　 my mind, I almost break down. (2007福建卷)A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled【B】過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ) 一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)：1. The ground is covered with fallen leaves.2. People today tend to choose vegetables grown without chemicals.3. The money raised at the evening will be sent to the earthquake survivors as soon as possible.通過(guò)對(duì)三個(gè)例句的觀察，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的主要知識(shí)點(diǎn)：(1)單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一般置于被修飾的名詞之前。如：cooked food, boiled water, fried eggs, a forced smile...過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)則置于被修飾的名詞之后。如：problems left over by history, a woman dressed in green...(2) 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示“被動(dòng)”或“被動(dòng)并結(jié)束了的動(dòng)作”，如：vegetables grown without chemicals，a repaired car…不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只表示“動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前”或“動(dòng)作已完成、已結(jié)束”，不表示被動(dòng)。如：fallen leaves, faded flowers, the risen sun…(3) 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞可以擴(kuò)展為一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：vegetables grown without chemicals = vegetables which are grown without chemicals不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞可以擴(kuò)展為一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：fallen leaves = leaves that have fallen二、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ):1. The young NBA basketball king James is married.We are excited to hear the good news.2. The window of my room is broken. 我房間的窗戶(hù)是壞的。（表主語(yǔ)所處狀態(tài)）The window of my room is broken by my naughty cousin.我房間的窗戶(hù)是被淘氣的表弟打壞的。（表被動(dòng)）3. Don’t be so disappointed.（表主語(yǔ)主觀上覺(jué)得失望的心理感受）The result of the exam is disappointing.（表主語(yǔ)客觀上具有令人失望的性質(zhì)特征）通過(guò)對(duì)這三組例句的觀察，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的主要特征：(1) 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)所處狀態(tài)或主觀心理感受，相當(dāng)于形容詞的作用。如例句1中的married (已婚的)，excited(激動(dòng)的)。此類(lèi)常見(jiàn)詞還有：表狀態(tài)：addicted, broken, gone, lost, seated, absorbed, dressed, separated, engaged…表主觀心理感受：excited, moved, puzzled, disappointed, surprised, frightened…(2) 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)還需把握好兩點(diǎn)，即區(qū)分表示“主語(yǔ)所處狀態(tài)”與表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞；區(qū)分ved形容詞表“主觀心理感受”與ving形容詞表“客觀上具有……的性質(zhì)特征”。三、高考直擊：例1 The trees 　　　 in the storm have been moved off the road. (2008湖南卷)A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down解析:B。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)題干中 have been moved off the road可知，樹(shù)是已被吹倒的，blown down作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生，且與被修飾詞The trees是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例2 The Town Hall 　　　 in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.(2007上海卷)A. to be pleted B. having been pletedC. pleted D. being pleted解析: C。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)和已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) in the 1800’s 可判斷出要用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)表示將要被做的事。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示正在被做的事。例3 Please remain 　　　 。 the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (2008遼寧卷)A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated解析: B。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。remain 在此為系動(dòng)詞，seated 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，表示“坐好的”作表語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)。一、過(guò)去分詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系(1) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)或完成的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間通常存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快?！靖呖兼溄?】　　　 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009福建卷)A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 【B】【答題指導(dǎo)】分詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)賓或被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞。比較：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city與see之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. ( we與see之間是主謂關(guān)系)(2) 有些過(guò)去分詞因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost in(沉迷于……)；dressed in(穿著)。由某些動(dòng)詞后面加ed轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)的形容詞也具有此用法，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。如：Surprised at what had happened, Tom didn’t know what to do.湯姆對(duì)發(fā)生的一切非常驚訝，以至于不知如何是好?！靖呖兼溄?】　　　 and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top ofMount Tai. (2009浙江卷)A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired 【B】二、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)所表示的意義過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句；表示方式、結(jié)果和伴隨時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)化為并列分句。如：Looked (=If it is looked) at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful.隔著一段距離看，這幅畫(huà)似乎要漂亮得多。The cup fell down to the ground, broken.= The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.茶杯掉到