【文章內容簡介】 being run B. run C. to run D. running【D】三、用在order, want, wish, expect等表示“希望、要求”的動詞后面作賓補。如：【考例點擊】She wants her paintings 　　　 in the gallery, but we don’t think they would be verypopular. (2007上海春)A. display B. to display C. displaying D. displayed【D】【拓展】此類動詞后跟to do和done作賓補。to do表主動，done表被動。四、在“with復合結構”中作賓補。如：The day ended with nothing settled.那一天什么也沒解決就結束了。John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work 　　　, he gladly accepted it.(2007安徽卷)A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished【A】【拓展】在with復合結構中，不定式表示尚未發(fā)生的動作，現在分詞表示主動關系，過去分詞表示被動關系。如：— Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.— Sorry. With so much work 　　　 my mind, I almost break down. (2007福建卷)A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled【B】過去分詞作定語、表語 一、過去分詞作定語：1. The ground is covered with fallen leaves.2. People today tend to choose vegetables grown without chemicals.3. The money raised at the evening will be sent to the earthquake survivors as soon as possible.通過對三個例句的觀察，我們可以發(fā)現過去分詞作定語的主要知識點：(1)單個的過去分詞作定語一般置于被修飾的名詞之前。如：cooked food, boiled water, fried eggs, a forced smile...過去分詞短語作定語則置于被修飾的名詞之后。如：problems left over by history, a woman dressed in green...(2) 及物動詞的過去分詞表示“被動”或“被動并結束了的動作”，如：vegetables grown without chemicals，a repaired car…不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示“動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前”或“動作已完成、已結束”，不表示被動。如：fallen leaves, faded flowers, the risen sun…(3) 及物動詞的過去分詞可以擴展為一個謂語動詞是被動語態(tài)的定語從句。如：vegetables grown without chemicals = vegetables which are grown without chemicals不及物動詞的過去分詞可以擴展為一個謂語動詞是主動語態(tài)的定語從句。如：fallen leaves = leaves that have fallen二、過去分詞作表語:1. The young NBA basketball king James is married.We are excited to hear the good news.2. The window of my room is broken. 我房間的窗戶是壞的。（表主語所處狀態(tài)）The window of my room is broken by my naughty cousin.我房間的窗戶是被淘氣的表弟打壞的。（表被動）3. Don’t be so disappointed.（表主語主觀上覺得失望的心理感受）The result of the exam is disappointing.（表主語客觀上具有令人失望的性質特征）通過對這三組例句的觀察，我們可以發(fā)現過去分詞作表語的主要特征：(1) 過去分詞作表語表示主語所處狀態(tài)或主觀心理感受，相當于形容詞的作用。如例句1中的married (已婚的)，excited(激動的)。此類常見詞還有：表狀態(tài)：addicted, broken, gone, lost, seated, absorbed, dressed, separated, engaged…表主觀心理感受：excited, moved, puzzled, disappointed, surprised, frightened…(2) 過去分詞作表語還需把握好兩點，即區(qū)分表示“主語所處狀態(tài)”與表示被動語態(tài)的過去分詞；區(qū)分ved形容詞表“主觀心理感受”與ving形容詞表“客觀上具有……的性質特征”。三、高考直擊：例1 The trees 　　　 in the storm have been moved off the road. (2008湖南卷)A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down解析:B。本題考查非謂語動詞。根據題干中 have been moved off the road可知，樹是已被吹倒的，blown down作定語表示動作已發(fā)生，且與被修飾詞The trees是被動關系。例2 The Town Hall 　　　 in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.(2007上海卷)A. to be pleted B. having been pletedC. pleted D. being pleted解析: C。本題考查非謂語動詞。過去分詞作定語表示被動和已經完成的動作。根據時間狀語 in the 1800’s 可判斷出要用過去分詞作定語。不定式的被動式作定語表示將要被做的事?，F在分詞作定語表示正在被做的事。例3 Please remain 　　　 。 the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (2008遼寧卷)A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated解析: B。本題考查非謂語動詞。remain 在此為系動詞，seated 相當于一個形容詞，表示“坐好的”作表語。過去分詞作狀語 過去分詞作狀語應注意以下幾點。一、過去分詞與句子主語之間的關系(1) 過去分詞作狀語表示被動或完成的動作。過去分詞與句子主語之間通常存在邏輯上的動賓關系。如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快?！靖呖兼溄?】　　　 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009福建卷)A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 【B】【答題指導】分詞在句子中作狀語，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語之間的關系：主謂關系用現在分詞，動賓或被動關系用過去分詞。比較：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city與see之間是被動關系)Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. ( we與see之間是主謂關系)(2) 有些過去分詞因來源于系表結構，作狀語時不表被動而表主語的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost in(沉迷于……)；dressed in(穿著)。由某些動詞后面加ed轉化來的形容詞也具有此用法，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。如：Surprised at what had happened, Tom didn’t know what to do.湯姆對發(fā)生的一切非常驚訝，以至于不知如何是好?！靖呖兼溄?】　　　 and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top ofMount Tai. (2009浙江卷)A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired 【B】二、過去分詞作狀語所表示的意義過去分詞作狀語時表示時間、條件、原因、讓步時可轉換為相應的狀語從句；表示方式、結果和伴隨時可轉化為并列分句。如：Looked (=If it is looked) at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful.隔著一段距離看，這幅畫似乎要漂亮得多。The cup fell down to the ground, broken.= The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.茶杯掉到