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r breath under water even before they can walk. Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water, It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race. Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water. The children pete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. Many pedal their tricycles, but most of them prefer to push or drag them. Some children can cover the whole length of the pool without ing up for breath even once. Whether they will ever bee future Olympic champions, only time will tell. Meanwhile, they should encourage those among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air.Lesson95 A fantasy 純屬虛構(gòu)When the Ambassador of Escalopia returned home for lunch, his wife got a shock. He looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state. 39。What has happened ?39。 she asked.39。How did your clothes get into such a mess ?39。 39。A fireextinguisher, my dear,39。 answered the Ambassador drily. 39。University students set the Embassy on fire this morning.39。39。Good heavens!39。 exclaimed his wife. 39。And where were you at the time ?39。39。I was in my office as usual,39。 answered the Ambassador. 39。The fire broke out in the basement. I went down immediately. of course, and that fool, Horst, aimed a fireextinguisher at me. He thought I was on fire. I must definitely get that fellow posted.39。 The Ambassador39。s wife went on asking questions, when she suddenly noticed a big hole in her husband39。s hat. 39。And how can you explain that ?39。 she asked. 39。Oh, that,39。 said the Ambassador. 39。Someone fired a shot through my office window. Accurate, don39。t you think ? Fortunately, I wasn39。t wearing it at the time. If I had been, I would not have been able to get home for lunch.39。 Lesson96 The dead return 亡靈返鄉(xiāng)A Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are weled by the living. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them. Speciallymade lanterns are hung outside each house to help the dead to find their way. All night long, people dance and sing. In the early morning, the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into a river or into the sea as it is considered unlucky for anyone living to eat it. In towns that are near the sea, the tiny lanterns which had been hung in the streets the night before, are placed into the water when the festival is over. Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. This is a moving spectacle, for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more.甘蔗良種基地建設(shè)項(xiàng)目可行性研究報(bào)告前 言xx縣位于云南省南部,地處東徑102176。33′—103176。11′,北緯23176。24′—24176。10′,國(guó)土面積3789KM2,縣境內(nèi)最高海拔2515M,最低230M,主要農(nóng)耕區(qū)海拔1300—1400M。屬南亞熱帶季風(fēng)氣候,℃,全年無霜期長(zhǎng)達(dá)324天,年降雨量800mm,日光充足,光熱資源豐富,土壤肥沃,適宜甘蔗種植,發(fā)展甘蔗生產(chǎn)具有得天獨(dú)厚的自然條件。全縣轄8鎮(zhèn)6鄉(xiāng),141個(gè)村委會(huì),1066個(gè)村民小組,縣內(nèi)交通方便,縣鄉(xiāng)柏油路、水泥路縱橫交錯(cuò),國(guó)道323線,蒙寶鐵路橫穿縣境中部,省道晉(寧)—思(茅)線由北向南直穿縣境,公路、鐵路北達(dá)昆明、玉溪,南通河口連接?xùn)|南亞各國(guó),北距省城昆明200公里,南距州府蒙自70公里,正在修建的雞(街)—石(屏)和通(海)—建(水)兩條高等一級(jí)公路,將進(jìn)一步改善xx的交通狀況。,其中:,%,(土地詳查103萬畝),其中:稻田20萬畝,。工農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值135856萬元,其中:農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值43267萬元,%,農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)總收入186503萬元,農(nóng)民人均純收入1719元,財(cái)政收入16510萬元。一、項(xiàng)目概述xx甘蔗種植歷史悠久。資料顯示,清嘉慶年間(1798—1820年)即有甘蔗種植。xx甘蔗發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了50—80年代初計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期;80—90年代末的“雙軌期”;20世紀(jì)90年代末開始的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期。1998年全縣甘蔗面積61410畝,總產(chǎn)292487噸,創(chuàng)歷史最高紀(jì)錄。2003年全縣甘蔗種植面積50456畝,預(yù)計(jì)總產(chǎn)19萬噸。我縣目前有縣屬制糖企業(yè)兩個(gè),即xx糖業(yè)有限公司,始建于1976年,1984年完成擴(kuò)建并投入生產(chǎn),日處理甘蔗1500噸;曲江糖業(yè)有限公司,始建于1976年,1983年完成擴(kuò)建并投入生產(chǎn),日處理甘蔗1000噸。兩個(gè)制糖企業(yè)年處理甘蔗量30—33萬噸,目前年入榨量?jī)H為年處理量的50%左右。我縣的甘蔗良種經(jīng)歷了三次大的更新,50年代推廣第一代甘蔗良種臺(tái)糖134,印度419等;70年代推廣第二代甘蔗良種云蔗71/388,川糖61/408等;80年代推廣第三代甘蔗良種桂糖11號(hào),福引8號(hào)等;90年代推廣第四代甘蔗良種閩糖69/421,粵糖79/177,新臺(tái)糖系列等。從90年代末至今,由于撤并蔗糖管理機(jī)構(gòu)、甘蔗技術(shù)推廣機(jī)構(gòu)等種種原因,全縣境內(nèi)至今沒有建成一個(gè)有規(guī)模的甘蔗良種基地,導(dǎo)致甘蔗良種的引試、推廣速度緩慢,全縣甘蔗品種老化、退化問題突出,%,成為全縣甘蔗單產(chǎn)低,糖分低的主要原因之一??v觀xx甘蔗、制糖企業(yè)、甘蔗良種的發(fā)展過程,由于歷屆縣委、政府對(duì)甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)的高度重視,在蔗農(nóng)及蔗糖企業(yè)的共同努力下,蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè)取得了長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展,對(duì)蔗農(nóng)增收,企業(yè)增效和財(cái)政增長(zhǎng)作出了貢獻(xiàn)。近年來,由于市場(chǎng)無秩競(jìng)爭(zhēng),糖價(jià)一路走低等多種原因,導(dǎo)致蔗價(jià)不穩(wěn),挫傷了蔗農(nóng)積極性,甘蔗面積、農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量、工業(yè)入榨量呈逐年下降趨勢(shì),影響了我縣農(nóng)民增收、企業(yè)增效、財(cái)政增長(zhǎng)。二、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的依據(jù)為重振富民又富縣的蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè),根據(jù)2003年6月28日國(guó)家四部委部局第23號(hào)令《蔗料暫行管理辦法》,云南省政府對(duì)深化國(guó)有企業(yè)改革工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室上報(bào)的《關(guān)于報(bào)請(qǐng)審批(云南省糖業(yè)整合總體方案)的請(qǐng)示》的批復(fù),批復(fù)要求作為直接責(zé)任人的各產(chǎn)糖區(qū)政府,加大對(duì)糖業(yè)整合各項(xiàng)工作的支持和指導(dǎo),進(jìn)一步規(guī)范糖料收購(gòu)秩序推進(jìn)糖料及食糖的產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營(yíng)。省農(nóng)業(yè)廳根據(jù)省委、省政府關(guān)于“調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、保增收”的要求,明確提出了今后五年全省農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的五大重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè),把“鞏固和提高甘蔗和茶葉兩個(gè)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)”列為五大重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)之一??h委、政府經(jīng)過深入調(diào)研后認(rèn)為:xx鞏固發(fā)展蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè)有潛力,有基礎(chǔ),群眾有積極性??h委以建發(fā)〔2003〕25號(hào)印發(fā)了《關(guān)于鞏固和發(fā)展xx縣蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè)的實(shí)施辦法》,從2003年至2004年榨季種植甘蔗年度開始,一定四年不變,加大對(duì)蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè)的扶持力度,下大力氣狠抓甘蔗良種推廣,建設(shè)甘蔗良種基地,調(diào)整早、中、晚熟品種結(jié)構(gòu),提高甘蔗科技含量,建設(shè)“三優(yōu)”噸糖田基地,提高甘蔗糖份,提高甘蔗單產(chǎn),增加總產(chǎn),促進(jìn)全縣蔗糖業(yè)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,繼續(xù)為蔗農(nóng)增收、企業(yè)增效、財(cái)政增長(zhǎng)作出貢獻(xiàn)。三、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的必要性 甘蔗良種面積小,品種搭配不合理。2003年全縣甘蔗種植面積50456畝,其中:良種面積16400畝,%,早、中、::。由于全縣沒有甘蔗良種基地,良種后備資源匱乏,甘蔗良種更新困難,導(dǎo)致甘蔗單產(chǎn)低,糖分含量低,出糖率低,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益低?!】h境內(nèi)兩家糖業(yè)公司,可日處理甘蔗2500噸(其中:建糖1500噸,曲糖1000噸),每年按100天壓榨時(shí)間計(jì)算,可處理甘蔗25—33萬噸,目前兩家糖業(yè)公司的年入榨量?jī)H為年處理量的50%。甘蔗原料嚴(yán)重不足,而且原料質(zhì)量差,導(dǎo)致成本上升,市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力減弱。 蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈長(zhǎng)。xx糖業(yè)公司于2000年投資7100萬元,建成年產(chǎn)3萬立方米的石膏刨花板生產(chǎn)線。投產(chǎn)以來,市場(chǎng)看好,蔗渣板熱銷,甘蔗的綜合利用率逐年提高,但由于甘蔗原料不足影響蔗渣產(chǎn)量,從而影響兩條生產(chǎn)線的生產(chǎn)。四、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的有利條件 xx屬于南亞熱帶季風(fēng)氣候,有“干濕分明,雨熱同季,春秋相連,夏無長(zhǎng)冬”的氣候特點(diǎn)。耕地土質(zhì)肥沃,耕地面積土地詳查103萬畝,發(fā)展甘蔗空間大,有得天獨(dú)厚的自然條件?!】h委、政府高度重視發(fā)展蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè),成立了xx縣蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組,抽調(diào)縣鄉(xiāng)科技人員,強(qiáng)化甘蔗科技推廣工作,提高甘蔗科技含量。并出臺(tái)了《關(guān)于鞏固和發(fā)展xx蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè)的實(shí)施辦法》,提出“三個(gè)一工程”,即:用三年的時(shí)間,甘蔗品種全面更新一次;合理調(diào)整甘蔗品種結(jié)構(gòu),使早、中、晚熟品種達(dá)到3:4:3,糖份提高一個(gè)百分點(diǎn);制糖企業(yè)提前一個(gè)月開榨。為項(xiàng)目建設(shè)提供了機(jī)遇,創(chuàng)造了條件?!】h境內(nèi)兩家糖業(yè)公司吃不飽,開不足,加之多年來的投資建設(shè),與蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè)相關(guān)的酒精、蔗渣板、石膏刨花板等行業(yè)綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益提高,市場(chǎng)前景廣闊,是我縣繼烤煙之后的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,目前除烤煙外還沒有任何產(chǎn)業(yè)可以替代。該項(xiàng)目的建設(shè),可提高我縣甘蔗單產(chǎn)及糖分,為制糖企業(yè)提供優(yōu)質(zhì)原料打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 科技推廣網(wǎng)絡(luò)健全??h級(jí)有糖業(yè)辦公室、農(nóng)推所,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)級(jí)有農(nóng)推站、村級(jí)有農(nóng)科員和帶領(lǐng)農(nóng)民學(xué)科學(xué)、用科學(xué)的農(nóng)民協(xié)會(huì)、研究會(huì)和一大批種蔗能手,完全有能力承擔(dān)。 種蔗歷史悠久,廣大蔗農(nóng)多年來積累了豐富的種蔗經(jīng)驗(yàn),歷史上曾有輝煌的發(fā)展時(shí)期。在蔗田套種,增加單位面積效益上有成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和做法。五、市場(chǎng)分析白糖是大眾消費(fèi)品,人們的日常生活必需品。目前我國(guó)人年均食糖消費(fèi)量為6千克,而世界人均年消費(fèi)水平在18千克以上。也就是說我國(guó)人均消費(fèi)食糖的水平只是世界平均水平的1/3。隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,人民生活水平的提高,消費(fèi)觀念和消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,食糖消費(fèi)量會(huì)逐年提高。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的飲食以牛奶、咖啡、面包為主,食糖需求量多。我國(guó)喝牛奶、咖啡、豆?jié){的人數(shù)逐步增多,食糖需求量呈上升的趨勢(shì)。從我國(guó)食糖市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系看,全國(guó)年食糖消費(fèi)需求約750萬噸,產(chǎn)糖約850萬噸,略顯過剩100萬噸。走私糖的沖擊和糖精生產(chǎn)過量,形成對(duì)食糖市場(chǎng)強(qiáng)大的沖擊,使我國(guó)食糖市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入低谷時(shí)期。為保護(hù)我國(guó)的蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè),國(guó)家采取了強(qiáng)有力的宏觀調(diào)控措施:一是打擊走私糖;二是關(guān)閉部份糖精廠,限制糖精代用品的濫用;三是關(guān)閉缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的部份糖廠;四是刺激消費(fèi)。這些措施的實(shí)施收到明顯成效,使我國(guó)食糖市場(chǎng)的供求關(guān)系逐步趨于平衡。預(yù)測(cè)2003年—2004年榨季,全國(guó)食糖產(chǎn)量750噸和全國(guó)食糖需求量大體平衡。一度低迷的食糖市場(chǎng)也由此出現(xiàn)新的轉(zhuǎn)機(jī),白糖價(jià)格將會(huì)逐年平穩(wěn)上升,而