【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 d value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 顯性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部經(jīng)濟external diseconomy 外部不經(jīng)濟externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市場factors of production 生產(chǎn)要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供給fallacy of position 合成謬誤final goods 最終產(chǎn)品firm 企業(yè)firms’demand curve for labor 企業(yè)勞動需求曲線firm supply curve 企業(yè)供給曲線firstdegree price discrimination 第一級價格歧視first—order condition 一階條件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)flow 流量fluctuation 波動for whom to produce 為誰生產(chǎn)free entry 自由進入free goods 自由品，免費品free mobility of resources 資源自由流動free rider 搭便車，免費搭車function 函數(shù)future value 未來值Ggame theory 對策論、博弈論general equilibrium 總體均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶 收入補償需求曲線Giffen39。s Paradox 吉芬之謎Gini coefficient 吉尼系數(shù)goldenrule 黃金規(guī)則goods 貨物government failure 政府失敗government regulation 政府調控grand utility possibility curve 總效用可能曲線grand utility possibility frontier 總效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 異質產(chǎn)品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion ?？怂挂豢柖喔＠麡藴蔴omogeneity 齊次性homogeneous demand function 齊次需求函數(shù)homogeneous product 同質產(chǎn)品homogeneous production function 齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生產(chǎn)human capital 人力資本hypothesis 假說Iidentity 恒等式imperfect petion 不完全競爭implicitcost 隱性成本ine 收入ine pensated demand curveine constraint 收入約束ine consumption curve 收入消費曲線ine distribution 收入分配ine effect 收入效應ine elasticity of demand 需求收入彈性increasing cost industry 成本遞增產(chǎn)業(yè)increasing returns to scale 規(guī)模報酬遞增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指數(shù)indifference 無差異indifference curve 無差異曲線indifference map 無差異族indifference relation 無差異關系indifference set 無差異集indirect approach 間接法individual analysis 個量分析individual demand curve 個人需求曲線individual demand function 個人需求函數(shù)induced variable 引致變量induction 歸納法industry 產(chǎn)業(yè)industry equilibrium 產(chǎn)業(yè)均衡industry supply curve 產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線inelastic 缺乏彈性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐點information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始條件initial endowment 初始稟賦innovation 創(chuàng)新input 投入input—output 投入—產(chǎn)出institution 制度institutional economics 制度經(jīng)濟學insurance 保險intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中間產(chǎn)品internatization of externalities 外部性內(nèi)部化invention 發(fā)明inverse demand function 逆需求函數(shù)investment 投資invisible hand 看不見的手isocost line 等成本線，isoprofit curve 等利潤曲線isoquant curve 等產(chǎn)量曲線isoquant map 等產(chǎn)量族Kkinded—demand curve 彎折的需求曲線Llabour 勞動labour demand 勞動需求labour supply 勞動供給labour theory of value 勞動價值論labour unions 工會laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函數(shù)Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘數(shù)，land 土地law 法則law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 邊際效用遞減法則law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution 邊際替代率遞減法則law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 邊際技術替代率law of increasing cost 成本遞增法則law of one price 單一價格法則leader—follower model 領導者跟隨者模型least—cost bination of inputs 最低成本的投入組合leisure 閑暇Leontief production function 列昂節(jié)夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)licenses 許可證linear demand function 線性需求函數(shù)linear homogeneity 線性齊次性linear homogeneous production function 線性齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)long run長期long run average cost 長期平均成本long run equilibrium 長期均衡long run industry supply curve 長期產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線long run marginal cost 長期邊際成本long run total cost 長期總成本Lorenz curve 洛倫茲曲線loss minimization 損失極小化1ump sum tax 一次性征稅luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏觀經(jīng)濟學marginal 邊際的marginal benefit 邊際收益marginal cost 邊際成本marginal cost pricing 邊際成本定價marginal cost of factor 邊際要素成本marginal period 市場期marginal physical productivity 實際實物生產(chǎn)率marginal product 邊際產(chǎn)量marginal product of capital 資本的邊際產(chǎn)量marginal product of 1abour 勞動的邊際產(chǎn)量marginal productivity 邊際生產(chǎn)率marginal rate of substitution 邊替代率marginal rate of transformation 邊際轉換率marginal returns 邊際回報marginal revenue 邊際收益marginal revenue product 邊際收益產(chǎn)品marginal revolution 邊際革命marginal social benefit 社會邊際收益marginal social cost 社會邊際成本marginal utility 邊際效用marginal value products 邊際價值產(chǎn)品market 市場market clearance 市場結清，市場洗清market demand 市場需求market economy 市場經(jīng)濟market equilibrium 市場均衡market failure 市場失敗market mechanism 市場機制market structure 市場結構market separation 市場分割market regulation 市場調節(jié)market share 市場份額markup pricing 加減定價法Marshallian demand function 馬歇爾需求函數(shù)maximization 極大化microeconomics 微觀經(jīng)濟學minimum wage 最低工資misallocation of resources 資源誤置mixed economy 混合經(jīng)濟model 模型money 貨幣monopolistic petition 壟斷競爭monopolistic exploitation 壟斷剝削monopoly 壟斷，賣方壟斷monopoly equilibrium 壟斷均衡monopoly pricing 壟斷定價monopoly regulation 壟斷調控monopoly rents 壟斷租金monopsony 買方壟斷NNash equilibrium 納什均衡Natural monopoly 自然壟斷Natural resources 自然資源Necessary condition 必要條件necessities 必需品net demand 凈需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非線性定價nonrivalry 非對抗性nonprice petition 非價格競爭nonsatiation 非飽和性nonzero—sum game 非零和對策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利潤normative economics 規(guī)范經(jīng)濟學Oobjective function 目標函數(shù)oligopoly 寡頭壟斷oligopoly market 寡頭市場oligopoly model 寡頭模型opportunity cost 機會成本optimal choice 最佳選擇optimal consumption bundle 消費束perfect elasticity 完全有彈性optimal resource allocation 最佳資源配置optimal scale 最佳規(guī)模optimal solution 最優(yōu)解optimization 優(yōu)化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社會)偏好排序ordinal utility 序數(shù)效用ordinary goods 一般品output 產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)出output elasticity 產(chǎn)出彈性output maximization 產(chǎn)出極大化Pparameter 參數(shù)Pareto criterion 帕累托標準Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改進Pareto optimality 帕累托優(yōu)化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏導數(shù)partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 專利pay off matrix 收益矩陣、支付矩陣perceived demand curve 感覺到的需求曲線perfect petition 完全競爭perfect plement 完全互補品perfect monopoly 完全壟斷perfect price discrimination 完全價格歧視perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全無彈性perfectly elastic 完全有彈性perfectly inelastic 完全無彈性plant size 工廠規(guī)模point elasticity 點彈性positive economics 實證經(jīng)濟學post Hoc Fallacy 后此謬誤prediction 預測preference 偏好preference relation 偏好關系present value 現(xiàn)值price 價格price adjustment model 價格調整模型price ceiling 最高限價price consumption curve 價格費曲線price control 價格管制price difference 價格差別price discrim