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成人英語三級語法知識大全(編輯修改稿)

2025-05-03 23:33 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ning, we went there by bus. Since everybody is here, let’s begin. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 注意:because與 so不能同時使用。 :although/though(雖然,盡管), even though/if (即使) Although/ Though it is a very young country, it is very rich. Even if/ though you were here yesterday, you couldn’t help him. 注意:although/though 引導(dǎo)的從句不能與but連用,但可與yet, still連用。 that和in order that(以便,為了)等。 The teacher spoke loudly so that /in order that we could hear him clearly. :so that(結(jié)果是)和so/such…that…(如此…以至于)等。 It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze. He got there so early that he got a good seat. It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. :as…as…(與…一樣),not as/so… as…(不如),than(比)等。 I know you better than she does. He works as carefully as she. I can’t run as/so fast as you. 注意:在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,如果主句是將來時,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 I’ll go on with the work when I e back tomorrow. He won’t e unless he is invited. (五)副詞、形容詞 1)表語形容詞只能作表語,這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。 2)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時,要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以thing為字尾的詞語時,要放在這些詞之后。例如:something nice. 大部分形容詞加ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。 1)某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接,如the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。例如: The poor are losing hope. 窮人行將失去希望。 2)有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體,與動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用,如the British,the English,the French,the Chinese等。例如: The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英國人頗有幽默感。 4.形容詞與副詞的比較級 常見的雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞,在前面加more,most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級 important/ easily more important/ more easily most important/ most easily + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as 1)在否定句或疑問句中可用so… as。例如: He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒你跑得快。 2)用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時,放在as的前面。例如: This room is twice as big as that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。 Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房間和我的一樣大。 3)倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as = 倍數(shù)+ the … + of。例如: This bridge is three times as long as that one. 這座橋的長度是那座的三倍。 This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房間是我的兩倍大。 Your room is twice the size of mine. little, rather, much, far, many,等 Nanjing is a little/rather/much/far/ hotter than Shanghai. 如果后接名詞時,much more +不可數(shù)名詞,many more +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 I have many more books than Tom. There is much more water in the south than in the north. 9. the + 最高級 + 比較范圍 1)形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級前可不用。例如: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。 形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示非常。例如: It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 這是個很重要的問題。 2)by far一般修飾最高級,, This question is by far the most difficult in this exercise. 這道題是這個練習(xí)里最難的。 注意:最高級的意義有時可以用比較級表示出來。例如: Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 馬克是班上最聰明的。 Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class. 馬克是班上最聰明的。 10. 和more有關(guān)的詞組 the more…the more… 越……越……。例如: The harder you work,the greater progress you39。ll make. 越努力,進步越大。 (六)數(shù)詞用法舉要 1)倍數(shù)表示法 a. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+ as + adj. + as。例如 I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。b. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ the size (amount,length…) of…。例如: The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。 c. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級+ than…。例如: The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。 2)分?jǐn)?shù)表示法的構(gòu)成:基數(shù)詞代表分子,序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1時,分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù),分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如: 1/3 onethird; 3/37 three and threesevenths. 三、時態(tài) 一、一般現(xiàn)在時 1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。 2)客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實。例如: The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。 3)表示格言或警句。例如: Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。 注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。 4)現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。例如: I don39。t want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。 二、一般過去時 1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如: Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了? 2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm wele. 那時,布朗一家無論什么時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth 到……時間了 該……了 例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。 It is time that sb. did sth. 時間已遲了 早該……了 例如It is time you went to 。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示39。寧愿某人做某事39。 例如:I39。d rather you came 。 三、一般將來時1)shall用于第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱,在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。例如: Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎? 2)be going to +不定式,表示將來。 a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 計劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。 例如:The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。 例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云,快要下雨了。 3)be +to表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如: We are to discuss the report next 。 4)be about to +動詞原形,意為馬上做某事。例如: He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。 注意: 一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來1)下列動詞e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時候開?十分鐘后。 2)在時間或條件句中。例如: When Bill es (不是will e), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來后,讓他等我。 I39。ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就寫信給你。 用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來 下列動詞e, go, arrive, leave等現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來: I39。m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 四、現(xiàn)在進行時 a. 表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情。例如: We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。 b. 習(xí)慣進行:表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。例如: Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, bee, turn, run, go, begin等。例如: The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。 It39。s getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。 d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如: You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
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