【文章內(nèi)容簡介】
urning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。 ( 已做過關(guān)燈的動作) Don‘t forget to e tomorrow. 別忘了明天來?! ?(to e動作未做) 典型例題 The light in the office is still on. Oh,I forgot___. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 答案:C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關(guān)燈的動作沒有發(fā)生,因此用forget to do sth. 而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了,而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意?! ?remember doing/to do remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局?! on‘t you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎? regret doing/to do regret to do 對要做的事遺憾?! ?未做) regret doing 對做過的事遺憾、后悔?! ?已做) I regret to have to do this, but I have no ,我實(shí)在沒有辦法?! don‘t regret telling her what I thought. 我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。 典型例題 You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret ___ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 答案:D。regret having done sth. 對已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾。regret to do sth. 對將要做的事感到遺憾。本題為對已說的話感到后悔,因此選D?! ?cease doing/to do cease to do 長時間,甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事?! ease doing 短時停止做某事,以后還會接著做?! hat department has ceased to exist forever. 那個部門已不復(fù)存在?! he girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘們在老師走過時,停了會聊天。 try doing/to do try to do 努力,企圖做某事。 try doing 試驗(yàn),試著做某事。 You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。 I tried gardening but didn‘t ,但未成功?! ?go on doing/to do go on to do 做了一件事后,接著做另一件事?! o on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事?! ?After he had finished his maths,he went on to do his physics. 做完數(shù)學(xué)后,他接著去做物理?! ?Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完這個練習(xí)后,接著做其他的練習(xí) be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do 不敢,膽怯去做某事,是主觀上的原因不去做,意為怕; be afraid of doing 擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。 doing 是客觀上造成的,意為生怕,恐怕。 She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a ,而不敢在草叢中再走一步?! he was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫?! he was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫?! ?be interested doing/to do interested to do 對做某事感興趣,想了解某事?! nterested in doing 對某種想法感興趣,doing 通常為想法?! shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道發(fā)生了什么事。 (想了解) I‘m interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我對在瑞士工作感興趣。你想過這事嗎? (一種想法) mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味著 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去,但是我父親不肯讓我去?! o raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 贈加工資意味著增加購買力?! ?begin(start) doing/to do begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth. 1) 談及一項(xiàng)長期活動或開始一種習(xí)慣時,使用doing. How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你幾歲時開始彈鋼琴? 2) begin, start用進(jìn)行時時,后面動詞用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry。 我開始生起氣來。 3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize這類動詞時,常用不定式to do?! begin to understand the truth。 我開始明白真相?! ?) 物作主語時 It began to melt. 感官動詞 + doing/to do 感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示動作的完整性,真實(shí)性;+doing 表示動作的連續(xù)性,進(jìn)行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)我看見了這個事實(shí)) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)我見他正干活這個動作) 昨天我見他正在花園里干活?! 〉湫屠} 1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 答案:A。因題意為,他們看著她長大,因此強(qiáng)調(diào)的是成長的過程,而非正在長的動作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型?! ?)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 答案A. 本題強(qiáng)調(diào)其動作,正在河邊玩,應(yīng)此用see sb. doing sth句型形相近,意相遠(yuǎn) 1. a / an a用在輔音(音素)前(注意:不是輔音字母);an則用在元音(音素)前(注意:不是元音字母)。例如:This is a 。That is an ?! ?. Mr / Mrs / Miss 在英語口語中,Teacher +姓用來稱呼老師是不符合英語習(xí)慣的。在英語里,要稱呼某老師時,一般用Mr/Mrs/Miss +姓來表示。Mr常用于男性教師,Mrs用來稱呼已婚女性,Miss用來稱呼未婚女性,以示尊重、禮貌。單獨(dú)喊一聲老師時,通常用Sir或Madam,而不應(yīng)該喊teacher。 3. Sorry. / Excuse me. 對不起的意思。sorry側(cè)重于事后對所犯的過錯或不能滿足對方的要求而向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢獾膱龊?。Excuse ,常常在向人問路、向?qū)Ψ皆儐柷闆r、插話、請求等場合使用?! ?. this / that / it ①this意思為這;這個,指較近的人或物;that意思為那;那個,指較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。②this, that可與is連用,用來表明或介紹一個人或物。其中that is可以縮寫為that39。s,但this is沒有縮寫形式。例如:This is my friend, 。That39。s an English 。③打電話時,this表示自己,that表示對方。例如:Hello, this is Tom. Is that Jim?喂,我是湯姆。你是吉姆嗎?④表示那天可用that day,表示今天不能用this day,而應(yīng)該用today。⑤回答this,that的問句時,一般要用it來代替this或that,同時代詞it應(yīng)根據(jù)問句譯為這或那。例如:What39。s that? It39。s a bike. 5. That39。s right. / Tha39。s all right. That39。s right中的right意思是對的,正確的,如果對方說的話或講的道理,你認(rèn)為是對的,則用此語。That39。s all ,意為不用謝,不客氣。另外,That39。s all 。如:I39。m sorry. I broke the cup. That39。s all right. 6. have / there be have和there be都可以表示有,其中have表示所有,擁有;there be則表示存在。there be句型中的動詞be應(yīng)該根據(jù)后面的主語確定,若主語是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞則用is,若主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞則用are。另外,若含有兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時,則應(yīng)該根據(jù)最靠近be的主語確定選用is或are?! ?. some / any some和any都有一些的意思,都可以用來修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,但用法有別:①some一般用于肯定句中;any則用于否定句和疑問句中。②若是帶有some的肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň浠蛞蓡柧鋾r,則需將some改為any。③some也可以用于表示請求、建議或希望對方肯定回答的疑問句中。例如:Would you like some bananas?你愿意吃些香蕉嗎? 8. in the wall / on the wall in the wall和on the wall都表示在墻上的意思,但in the wall指的是在墻的里面;on the wall指的是在墻的面上。例如:There is a hole in the 。There is a picture on the ?! ?. look the same / look like look the same是個固定短語,意思是看起來很像,主語既可以指人,也可以指物,但必須是復(fù)數(shù)形式,后面不再接賓語。例如:The twins look the 。look like則是由不及物動詞look +介詞like構(gòu)成的動詞短語,意思是看上去像……,后面必須接一個賓語。例如:Her hat looks like a 。 另類“some”和“any” 我們知道,通常情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑問句。否定句。但在下列情況下,some和any的用法不是這樣。 1. some用于疑問句或否定中: 1)在否定疑問句中,表示問話人的肯定傾向和對否定的驚訝和懷疑。如: Don39。t you have some new books? You have some new books, don39。t you? 你難道連幾本新書都沒有嗎。(在問話人心目中,you是有新書的,如今聽說沒有,因而表示驚訝和懷疑) 2)一般疑問句中,表示問話人盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)。如: Can I have some apples? Certainly! 3)表示建議。如: What about some fruit juice。喝點(diǎn)兒果汁怎么樣?! ?. any用于肯定句中: 1)表示三個或三個以上的人或事物中的一個。如: You may take any one of these ?! e studies harder than any of his classmates. (=He studies harder than any other students in his class.)他比班上任何一個學(xué)生都努力?! ?)作任何,無論誰解。如: Any of them will 。 Any of them can