【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ly helped the performance of the game. It39。s fairly easy to write a function in assembly that is callable from C, so using both languages wasn39。t a problem.　　特別注意：語(yǔ)言的名字叫“匯編”。把匯編語(yǔ)言翻譯成真實(shí)的機(jī)器碼的工具叫“匯編程序”。把這門語(yǔ)言叫做“匯編程序”這種用詞不當(dāng)相當(dāng)普遍，因此，請(qǐng)從這門語(yǔ)言的正確稱呼作為起點(diǎn)出發(fā)?！　pecial Note: The name of the language is assembly. The name of the tool that converts assembly language into true machine code is called an assembler. It39。s a mon misnomer to call the language assembler, so start out on the right foot by calling the language by its proper name.　　優(yōu)點(diǎn)：最小、最快的語(yǔ)言。匯編高手能編寫出比任何其他語(yǔ)言能實(shí)現(xiàn)的快得多的程序。你將是利用處理器最新功能的第一人，因?yàn)槟隳苤苯邮褂盟鼈??！　dvantages: Is, by definition, the smallest and fastest language. A talented assembly programmer can write programs that are faster than anything that can be done in other languages. You39。ll be the first person to be able to take advantage of the processor39。s latest new features, because you can use them directly.　　缺點(diǎn)：難學(xué)、語(yǔ)法晦澀、堅(jiān)持效率，造成大量額外代碼 — 不適于心臟虛弱者?！　isadvantages: Difficult to learn, cryptic syntax, tough to do efficiently, and it takes much more code to get something done not for the faint of heart!　　移植性：接近零。因?yàn)檫@門語(yǔ)言是為一種單獨(dú)的處理器設(shè)計(jì)的，根本沒(méi)移植性可言。如果使用了某個(gè)特殊處理器的擴(kuò)展功能，你的代碼甚至無(wú)法移植到其他同類型的處理器上（比如，AMD的3DNow指令是無(wú)法移植到其它奔騰系列的處理器上的）。　　Portability: Zilch. Since the language is designed for a single processor, it is not portable by definition. If you use extensions specific to a particular brand of processor, your code isn39。t even portable to other processors of the same type (for example, AMD 3DNOW instructions are not portable to other Pentiumclass processors).　　使用匯編編寫的游戲：我不知道有什么商業(yè)游戲是完全用匯編開發(fā)的。不過(guò)有些游戲使用匯編完成多數(shù)對(duì)時(shí)間要求苛刻的部分。　　Games Written in Assembly: I don39。t know of any mercial games that are written entirely in assembly. Some games, however, have the most timecritical portions done in assembly.　　資料：如果你正在找一門匯編語(yǔ)言的文檔，你主要要找芯片的文檔。網(wǎng)絡(luò)上如Intel、AMD、Motorola等有一些關(guān)于它們的處理器的資料。對(duì)于書籍而言，《Assembly Language: StepByStep》是很值得學(xué)習(xí)的?！　esources: When you39。re looking for documentation for an assembly language, you39。re basically looking for the documentation for the chip. There is some online information at [Intel], [AMD][Motorola] for their processors. As for books, [Assembly Language: StepByStep] is wellreviewed.Pascal語(yǔ)言　　Pascal語(yǔ)言是由Nicolas Wirth在七十年代早期設(shè)計(jì)的，因?yàn)樗麑?duì)于FORTRAN和COBOL沒(méi)有強(qiáng)制訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的結(jié)構(gòu)化編程感到很失望，“空心粉式代碼”變成了規(guī)范，而當(dāng)時(shí)的語(yǔ)言又不反對(duì)它。Pascal被設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)強(qiáng)行使用結(jié)構(gòu)化編程。最初的Pascal被嚴(yán)格設(shè)計(jì)成教學(xué)之用，最終，大量的擁護(hù)者促使它闖入了商業(yè)編程中。當(dāng)Borland發(fā)布IBM PC上的 Turbo Pascal時(shí)，Pascal輝煌一時(shí)。集成的編輯器，閃電般的編譯器加上低廉的價(jià)格使之變得不可抵抗，Pascal編程了為MSDOS編寫小程序的首選語(yǔ)言。　　Pascal was designed by Nicolas Wirth in the early 7039。s, because he was dismayed to see that FORTRAN and COBOL were not enforcing healthy structured programming disciplines in students. Spaghetti code was being the norm, and the languages of the time weren39。t discouraging it. Pascal was designed from the ground up to enforce structured programming practices. While the original Pascal was designed strictly for teaching, it had enough advocates to eventually make inroads into mercial programming. Pascal finally took the spotlight in a big way when Borland released Turbo Pascal for the IBM PC. The integrated editor, lightningfast piler, and low price were an irresistible bination, and Pascal became the preferred language for writing small programs for MSDOS.　　然而時(shí)日不久，C編譯器變得更快，并具有優(yōu)秀的內(nèi)置編輯器和調(diào)試器。Pascal在1990年Windows開始流行時(shí)走到了盡頭，Borland放棄了Pascal而把目光轉(zhuǎn)向了為Windows 編寫程序的C++。Turbo Pascal很快被人遺忘?！　he momentum, however, did not stay. C pilers became faster and got nice builtin editors and debuggers. The almostfinal nail in Pascal39。s coffin happened in the early 199039。s when Windows took over, and Borland ignored Pascal in favor of C++ for writing Windows applications. Turbo Pascal was all but forgotten.　　最后，在1996年，Borland發(fā)布了它的“Visual Basic殺手”— Delphi。它是一種快速的帶華麗用戶界面的 Pascal編譯器。由于不懈努力，它很快贏得了一大群愛好者?！　inally, in 1996, Borland released its Visual Basic Killer, Delphi. Delphi was a fast Pascal piler coupled with a gorgeous user interface. Against all odds (and the Visual Basic juggernaut), it gained a lot of fans.　　基本上，Pascal比C簡(jiǎn)單。雖然語(yǔ)法類似，它缺乏很多C有的簡(jiǎn)潔操作符。這既是好事又是壞事。雖然很難寫出難以理解的“聰明”代碼，它同時(shí)也使得一些低級(jí)操作，如位操作變得困難起來(lái)?！　n the whole, Pascal is simpler than C. While the syntax is similar, it lacks a lot of the shortcut operations that C has. This is a good thing and a bad thing. It39。s harder to write inscrutable clever code, but it makes lowlevel operations like bitmanipulation more difficult.　　優(yōu)點(diǎn)：易學(xué)、平臺(tái)相關(guān)的運(yùn)行（Dephi）非常好?！　dvantages: Easy to learn. Platformspecific implementations (Delphi) are very nice.　　缺點(diǎn)：“世界潮流”面向?qū)ο蟮腜ascal繼承者（Modula、Oberon）尚未成功。語(yǔ)言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不被編譯器開發(fā)者認(rèn)同。專利權(quán)?！　isadvantages: World class OO successors to Pascal (Modula, Oberon) have not been successful. Language standards are not adhered to by pilermakers. Proprietary. 　　移植性：很差。語(yǔ)言的功能由于平臺(tái)的轉(zhuǎn)變而轉(zhuǎn)變，沒(méi)有移植性工具包來(lái)處理平臺(tái)相關(guān)的功能?！　ortability: Dismal. The features of the language changes from platform to platform, and there are no portability toolkits to handle platformspecific features.　　使用Pascal編寫的游戲：幾個(gè)。DirectX的Delphi組件使得游戲場(chǎng)所變大了?！　ames Written in Pascal: A couple. The DirectX ponents fo