20xx級二大班外科學考試卷(編輯修改稿)
2025-04-23 23:05 本頁面
【文章內容簡介】 醉前用藥目的及常用的藥物種類5 急性血源性骨髓炎的早期診斷依據(jù)四、英譯漢（10分）Clinical Findings of Low Back PainSymptoms and Signs: The most mon cause of low back pain is mechanical strain. Patients plain of pain related to overexertion. Pain may immediately follow lifting or other forms of exertion .Pain from lumber strain is exacerbated by bending or lifting and relieved by rest. Pain is most severe in the lumbosacral area and may radiate into the buttock.Physical examination is remarkable for the lack of neurological involvement. Deep tendon reflexes are present and symmetric. The straightlegraising test is normal. Xray Findings: Xray examination may reveal changes such as lumber disk space narrowing and osteophytosis or may be entirely normal. Because xray sign are nonspecific, many clinicians avoid xray studies during the initial evaluation.02級外科學考試卷（B）答案一、名詞解釋1 多器官功能障礙綜合征 指急性疾病過程中兩個或兩個以上的器官或系統(tǒng)同時或序貫發(fā)生功能障礙2 急性尿潴留 見于膀胱出口以下尿路嚴重梗阻，突然不能排尿，使尿液滯留于膀胱內3 腹外疝 是由腹腔內的臟器或組織連同腹膜壁層，經腹壁薄弱點或孔隙向體表突出形成4 張力性氣胸 為氣管、支氣管或肺損傷處形成活 ，氣體隨每次吸氣進入胸膜腔并積累增多導致胸膜胸壓力高于大氣壓。5 閉合性骨折 ，骨折處皮膚或粘膜完整，骨折端不與外界相通二、單項選擇題1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 D A E B B D B A C A B A D E D D B C C A三、填空題１．劑量 比重 容積 穿刺間隙 病人體位 注藥速度 ２．腎盂輸尿管交接外 輸尿管跨骼血管處 輸尿管入膀胱處 下１／３段 ３．大于30度 750度 ４．疼痛 便秘 出血５．成角 側方 縮短 分離 旋轉四、 簡答題（40分）1． 簡述尿失禁的分類可分為四類 1真性尿失禁 2假性尿失禁 3急迫性尿失禁 4壓力性尿失禁2． 試述食管癌的手術禁忌證1全身情況差，已呈惡病質?；蛴袊乐匦姆位蚋巍⒛I功能不全者。2病變侵犯范圍大，已有明顯外侵及穿孔征象，已出現(xiàn)聲音嘶啞或已有食管氣管瘺者。3已有遠處轉移者3． 試述急性闌尾炎的臨床表現(xiàn)（癥狀和體征）1腹痛 典型的腹痛發(fā)作始原于上腹，逐漸移向臍部68小時后轉移并局限在右下腹。2胃腸道癥狀早期可有惡心、嘔吐但癥狀較輕 3全身癥狀 早期有乏力，炎癥重出現(xiàn)中毒癥狀體征；1右下腹壓痛 是重要體征壓痛點位于麥氏點 2腹膜刺激征象 反跳痛，腹肌緊張，腸鳴音減弱或消失 3右下腹包塊 4可作為輔助診斷的其它體征 結腸充氣試驗陽性 腰大腸沖氣試驗陽性 肛門直腸指檢 實驗室檢查 影像學檢查等4． 麻醉前用藥目的及常用的藥物種類1 消除病人緊張、焦慮及恐懼的心情，使病人在麻醉前能夠情緒安定，充分合作。2提高病人的痛閾，緩和或解除原發(fā)疾病或麻醉前有創(chuàng)操作引起的疼痛 3抑制呼吸道腺體的分泌功能減少唾液分泌防止誤吸 4消除因手術或麻醉引起的不良反射常用藥物：安定鎮(zhèn)靜藥 催眠藥 鎮(zhèn)痛藥 抗膽堿藥5． 簡述良性骨腫瘤和惡性骨腫瘤的特點良性：1多無疼痛 2質硬而無壓痛 3引起功能障礙，壓迫癥狀惡性：1生長聲速 2疼痛 3壓痛 4局部血管怒張 5引起功能障礙，壓迫癥狀 五、漢譯英（10分） 下腰背痛的臨床表現(xiàn)癥狀和體征：下腰背痛最常見的原因是機械性勞損。病人主訴有用力過度相互關聯(lián)的疼痛。在舉重或其他形式用力后立即產生疼痛。起因于腰部勞損的疼痛可因彎腰或舉重加重，休息后可緩解。腰骶部疼痛最重，并可放射至臀部。體檢應注意的是無神經受累。深部件反射存在，且對稱。直腿抬高試驗正常。X線所見：X線檢查可顯示一些變化如腰椎間隙狹窄，有骨贅形成或完全正常。由于X線檢查是非特異性的，許多臨床醫(yī)生開始避免做X線檢查。6年制英語班外科試題(A)Term Explanation (40 points, 5 points for each)AbscessA localized collection of pus in part of the body, formed by tissue disintegration and surrounded by an inflamed areaARDSARDS, also called acute respiratory distress syndrome, is a type of lung (pulmonary) failure that may result from any disease that causes large amounts of fluid to collect in the lungs. ARDS is not itself a specific disease, but a syndrome, a group of symptoms and signs that make up one of the most important forms of lung or respiratory failure.Charcot triadThe bination of jaundice。 fever, usually with rigors。 and upper quadrant abdominal pain. Occurs as a result of ascending cholangitis.HerniaHernia is a general term used to describe a bulge or protrusion of an organ through the structure or muscle that usually contains it.HematuriaBlood in the urine. It usually indicates injury or disease of the kidney or another structure of the urinary system or possibly, in males, the reproductive system.MODSMultiple organ dysfunction syndrome is the presence of altered organ function in acutely ill patients such that homeostasis cannot be maintained without intervention.
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