【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 I got there. 我到那里時(shí)，正在下大雨。 ( 動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生， when可換為 as, 但不能換為 while，因?yàn)?get是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞 .) When I had read the article, he called me. 我看完這篇文章之后，她給我打了電話。 ( 從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前， 注意時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)，只能用 when ) When I got to the cinema, the film had begun. (當(dāng) )我到了電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)演了。 (從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之后，只能用 when,并要注意時(shí)態(tài) ) He was about to leave, when the telephone rang. 他正要離開(kāi)，忽然電話響了。 ( 此時(shí)不能放在句首。主句動(dòng)詞一般表達(dá) “正在” “即將” . while, as不能代替 She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. 他以為我在談她女兒，然而，實(shí)際上在談?wù)撐遗畠骸?(表轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比， when, as都不能代替它 ) While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police. 外星人買紀(jì)念品時(shí)，那女孩給警察打了電話。 (表示主句，從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生， while 后引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞不能是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，因 為它表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 ) Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away. 媽媽擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樾?ài)麗絲病了，特別是他父親不在家的時(shí)候。 (此時(shí) as ,when, while 可通用 ) 2. 由 till或 until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 till 和 until 一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用否 定形式；如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。例如： I worked until he came 。 I didn t work until he came 。 3. 由 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 since 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表述為：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) +since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)。但在 It is ＋時(shí)間＋ since 從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： It is five months since our boss was in 有五個(gè)月了。 知識(shí)擴(kuò)展 1. It is ? since 從? .以來(lái)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了 It is five years since we met last time. 2. It is ? +before?(。才。 ) It was a long time before I went to sleep again. It was an hour before(＝ until) the police arrived. 二 . 原因狀語(yǔ)從句：在一個(gè)句子中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子。 連接詞：由連詞 because, since, as引導(dǎo) , 也可由 for, now that 等詞引導(dǎo) didn’ t go to school yesterday because I was ill. 2. Since everybody is here, let’ s begin our meeting. 既然。 3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up 。 asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. .用法辨析： because , since , as , for辨析 1） because 語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因，回答 why提出的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們所知，就用 a s或 since。 I didn’ t go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）由 because 引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號(hào)，則可 以用 for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用 for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 三、 條件狀語(yǔ) 從句 連接詞： if 如果 , unless (=if not)如果不、除非 (讓步 ) it doesn’ t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. will go to the party unless he goes there too. will be late unless you leave immediately. =If you don’ t leave immediately, you will be late. 條件狀 語(yǔ)從句：主將從現(xiàn) . He will not leave if it isn’ t fine tomorrow. 四、 目的、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 目的狀語(yǔ)從句是指在一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)的句子。 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句是指在一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的句子 目的狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞 so that, so?that , in order that 引導(dǎo)。 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞 so?that, such?that, so much/many?that 引導(dǎo)。 1. so?that如此 ?以至于 He always studied so hard that he made great progress. 2. so that 以至于 , 以便于 I’ ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的 ) I opened the window so that fresh air might e in. (目的 ) 3. such?that如此 ?以至 It’ s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. 4. in order that=so that 為了 We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements. ： so和 such 其規(guī)律由 so與 such 的不同詞性決定。 such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組， so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞 many, few, much, little 連用， 形成固定搭配。 so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so many people such a lot of people （ so many 已成固定搭配， a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用 such搭配。） 難點(diǎn) so+形容詞或副詞 so+形 +a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 so +many /few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 so +much/ little+不可數(shù)名詞 so?that與 such?that皆可引導(dǎo)目的地狀語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。 The boy is so young that he can’ t go to school. He is such a young boy that he can’ t go to school so +adj/adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上兩種句型都表示結(jié)果 so為副詞 ,后接形容詞，副詞原型，可數(shù)名詞前有 many, few；不可數(shù)名詞前有 much, little修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)采用句型： so many (few, much, little )+n. such為形容詞 , 后只能接名詞。這名詞既可以地可數(shù)的，也可以是不可數(shù)的。如果這名詞是可數(shù)的 ,則必須在名詞前加不定冠詞a(an). 常見(jiàn)的形式是 :such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people. 五、 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句是指在句子中作讓步的狀語(yǔ)的句子 連接詞： though, although.， whether?or not 難點(diǎn)： though, although 當(dāng)“雖然”講 , 都不能和 but 連用 . Although/though?but的格式是不對(duì)的 .但是他們都可以同 yet (still) 連用 . 所以 thought (although)? 篇四：初中英語(yǔ)三大從句 總結(jié) 一 . 賓語(yǔ)從句 object clause： 一 . 定義 definition： 在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。 二 . 連接詞 connections： that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’ t know what the word means. “ Wh” : I don’ t know what the word means. I don’ t know where he found the book. 只用 whether的情況： 1. 與 or not連用： I don’ t know whether it’ s raining or not. 2. 與動(dòng)詞不定式連用： He doesn’ t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 連接詞前有介詞時(shí)： It depends on whether he is ing. 三 . 時(shí)態(tài) tenses: 1. 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定 (各種時(shí)態(tài)均可 ) She wants to know what he has done for the exam. ，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。 1） She said that she was a student. 2） She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3） She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 二 . 定語(yǔ)從句 Attributive clause： 1. 定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句 2. 先行詞指人 who /that 先行詞指物 which/ that 3. 定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞或代詞（即先行詞）后 ，所以從句中不可再出現(xiàn)其他代替先行 詞的代詞 “? . 的” Eg. 1. Yesterday we bought a book which is really hard to understand. 2. The students who are from Maple Leaf School like learning English. Whom: 先行詞指人，則代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)（包括介詞的賓語(yǔ)） , 與 who的區(qū)別是如果前面帶介詞則必須用 whom 1. 2. I don’ Whose : 指人或物，作定語(yǔ)，表示 “?的” eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher. 關(guān)系代詞只能 that 的特殊情況 : ： 時(shí)： 3. 先行詞是不定代詞 something, anything等時(shí) . . Is there anything t