【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 had taken my advice, you wouldn39。t have failed in the exam.(從句動(dòng)詞用 had taken, 主句動(dòng)詞用 have failed)如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽從我的勸告的話，你就不會(huì)在考試中失敗了。 ⑽ 、 If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.(從句動(dòng)詞用 had got up, 主句動(dòng)詞用 have caught)如果你起身得早一點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)趕得上火車了。 ⑾ 、 If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.(從句動(dòng)詞用had snowed, 主句動(dòng)詞用 have skied)如果下雪的話，我就可在公園里滑雪了。 注意：如果動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行中，主句要用： 主語 + would + have + 完成進(jìn)行式動(dòng)詞 +…… ⑿ 、 If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.(從句動(dòng)詞用 had been, 主句動(dòng)詞用 have been speaking) （三）、表示與 將來 事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句 (對(duì)將來的事實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大 )。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為： adership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4C從句： If + 主語 + should (或 were) + 動(dòng)詞原形 +…… 主句： 主語 + would (could, should, might) + 動(dòng)詞原形 +…… 例如： ⑴ 、 If I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another wa，我會(huì)用另外一種方法的。 ⑵ 、 If you were to do such a thing again, you would be punished. 如果你再做這樣的事 情，就會(huì)受到懲罰。 ⑶ 、 If I should work harder, I could make much more 我更努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，我會(huì)取得更大的進(jìn)步。 (事實(shí)上我不可能努力學(xué)習(xí) ) ⑷ 、 If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at 的話，我將待在家里。（根據(jù)天氣情況，明天不可能下雨） ⑸ 、 If he should e, I could ask him for some 了，我就能夠向他請(qǐng)教 。（事實(shí)上他來的可能性很?。? ⑹ 、 If he came tomorrow, I would do it with 話，我將和他一起做此事。（事實(shí)上他來的可能性很?。? ⑺ 、 If it should rain, the crops would be saved.(從句動(dòng)詞用 should rain，主句動(dòng)詞用 be)如果天下雨，莊稼可能就收獲了。 ⑻ 、 If he were to go fomorrow, he might tell you.(從句動(dòng)詞用 were to, 主句動(dòng)詞用 tell)如果明天他走的話，他可能會(huì)告訴你。 ⑼ 、 If he were here, I would give him the books.(從句動(dòng)詞用 were, 主句動(dòng)詞用 give)如果他在這兒，我可能會(huì)把書給他。 adership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4C注意：如果動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行中，從句 (不是主句喔 )要用： If + 主語 + 過去進(jìn)行式動(dòng)詞 +…… ⑽ 、 If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.(從句動(dòng)詞用 were staying, 主句動(dòng)詞用 let)如果她現(xiàn)在留在這兒，我可能 會(huì)讓她騎我的馬。 三、 混合條件句 主從句 時(shí)間不一致情況下 的虛擬語氣 有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。如： 1. 從句表示 過去 ，主句表示 將來 ： ⑴ 、 If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now. ⑵ 、 If we hadn39。t made adequate preparations, we shouldn’t dare to do the experiment next week。 2. 從句表示 將來 ，主句表示 過去 ： ⑴ 、 If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night. 將來 ，主句表示 現(xiàn)在 ： ⑴ 、 If we shouldn39。t have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now. 過去 ，主句表示 現(xiàn)在 。 ⑴ 、 If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now. adership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4C⑵ 、 If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。（從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。） 現(xiàn)在 ，主句表示 過去 ⑴ 、 If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday 是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。） ，主句表示過去和現(xiàn)在 ⑴ 、 If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. 假若你不借錢給我，我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。（從句說明 過去，主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。） 四、含蓄條件句 非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況； 1. 條件暗含在短語中。 如： (1)、 What would I have done without you? 如沒有你，我會(huì)怎么辦呢？ (條件暗含在分詞短語 without you 中 ) (2) 、 It would be easier to do it this way. 這樣做會(huì)比較容易。 (條件暗含在不定式短語 to do it this way 中 ) (3) 、 This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disasadership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4Cter. 同樣的事，如發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時(shí)，就會(huì)釀成大禍。 (條件暗含在分詞短語happening in wartime 中 ) (4)、 But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒有你的幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)成功。 (暗含條件是 but for your help) (5)、 He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河馬，否則他絕不會(huì)擊敗那只龐大的野獸。 (暗含條件是連詞 or) (6)、 Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是單獨(dú)一人，他是會(huì)感到害怕的。 (暗含條件是 alone) 2. 條件暗含在上下文中。 如： (7)、 You might stay her forever. 你可以永遠(yuǎn)待在這兒。 (可能暗含if you wanted to) (8) 、 We would have succeeded. 我們本來是會(huì)成功的。 (可能暗含 if we had kept trying) (9) 、 Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名譽(yù)會(huì)敗壞的。 (可能暗含 if you should accept it) (10) 、 I would appreciate a little of your time. 謝謝你給我一點(diǎn)時(shí)間吧。 (可能暗含 if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time) 3. 在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如： adership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4C(11) 、 You wouldn’t know. 你不會(huì)知道。 (12) 、 I would like to e. 我愿意來。 (13) 、 I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢(mèng)也不會(huì)想到的。 (14) 、 He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eyewitness. 他將那事講的非常仔細(xì)，簡直就象他親眼看見一樣。 五、條件從句中 省略 if 采用 倒裝 語序的情況 在 if引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的條件狀語從句中，有時(shí)可以把含有 助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、 be 或 have 的虛擬條件句中的連詞 if 省去，而將 had, should, were 等詞提到主語之前，即用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 例如： 1). 原句： If she were younger, she would do it. 去 If： Were she younger, she would do it. (把動(dòng)詞 were 移到主語 she 的前面 ) 2). 原句： If he had tried it, he could have done it. 去 If： Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把 had 移到主語 he 的前面 ) 3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams. 4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday. 5).Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that. 6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night. adership: LuoMngj,rectfambS25l) 1, Iw4C假如我看了那部電影，昨晚我就可以和他們一起討論了。 7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely. 假如我是一只小鳥，我就能自由翱翔。 8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest. 要是下周能下雨的話 ，農(nóng)民們就能有個(gè)好收成了。 如果虛擬條件句中有 were, had或 should 時(shí)，把它們放在 if的位置上； 但是如果條件句中沒有 were, had 或 should 不能用倒裝。 ⑴ 、 Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的話，我們?cè)趺崔k呢？ ⑵ 、 Were I you, I would have asked him for some 你的話，我就向他請(qǐng)教了。 ⑶ 、 Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of mo，他就會(huì)得到一些錢。 在 “開放式條件句 ” (open conditional clause) 和 讓步狀語從句 中should是被省略了的 。在這種情況下， 如果 if省略，動(dòng)詞 be 與主語的位置要倒裝。 如： ⑴ 、 If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有權(quán)起訴。 ) Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. ⑵ 、 Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)，我都會(huì)支持她的。 )