【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ■As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen.■In addition, women often worked in their homes parttime, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. ■After 181 5 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ■Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.11. Look at the four squares ■ that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers.Where would the sentence best fit?? 1? 2? 3? 412. Directions: Complete the table below by indicating which of the answer choices describe characteristics of the period before 1815 and which describe characteristics of the 181 51 850 period. This question is worth 3 points.To review passage, Click View TextBefore 181518151850●●●●●Answer choices? A united, highly successful labor movement took shape.? Workers took pride in their workmanship.? The ine gap between the rich and the poor increased greatly.? Transportation networks began to decline.? Emphasis was placed on following schedules.? Workers went through an extensive period of training.? Few workers expected to own their own businesses.5新托福閱讀真題精選5篇ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS:1. 3This is an Inference question asking for an inference that can be supported by the passage. The correct answer is choice 3, They were produced with more concern for quality than for speed of production. A number of statements throughout the passage support choice 3. Paragraph 1 states that Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans . . . After 18 15 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. Paragraph 2 states that Before the rise of the factory . . . skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time. Paragraph 3 states, The factory changed that. Goods produced by factories were not as finished or elegant as those done by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way to the pressure to increase rates of productivity.Taken together, these three statements, about production rates, the rise of factories after 18 15, and the decline of craftsmanship after 18 15, support the inference that before 18 15, the emphasis had been on quality rather than on speed of production. Answer choices 1, 2, and 4 are all contradicted by the passage.2. 2This is a Sentence Simplification question. As with all of these items, a single sentence in the passage is highlighted:Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior. The correct answer is choice 2. Choice 2 contains all of the essential information in the highlighted sentence. The highlighted sentence explains why (part of the family) and how (education, moral behavior) a master39。s responsibility went beyond teaching a trade. The essential information is the fact that the master39。s responsibility went beyond teaching a trade. Therefore, choice 2 contains all that is essential without changing the meaning of the highlighted sentence.Choice 1 changes the meaning of the highlighted sentence b~ stating that masters often treated apprentices irresponsibly.Choice 3 contradicts the essential meaning of the highlighted sentence. The fact that Apprentices were considered part of the family . . . suggests that they were not actual family members.Choice 4, like choice 3, changes the meaning of the highlighted sentence by discussing family members as apprentices.3. 4This is a Vocabulary question. The word being tested is disrupted. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 4, upset. The word upset here is used in the context of hurting productivity. When something is hurt or damaged, it is upset.4. 1This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 4.6新托福閱讀真題精選5篇The correct answer is choice I, support the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to working in factories. The paragraph begins by stating that workers did not adopt new attitudes toward work easily and that the clock symbolized the new work rules. The author provides the quotation as evidence of that difficulty. There is no indication in the paragraph that workers quit due to loud noise, so choice 2 is incorrect. Choice 3 (usefulness of clocks) is contradicted by the paragraph. The factory clock was useful, but workers hated it. Choice 4 (workers plaints as a cause of a factory39。s success) is not discussed in this paragraph.5. 4This is a Negative Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 4. Choice 4, contact among workers who were not managers, is the correct answer. The paragraph explicitly contradicts this by stating that factories sharply separated workers from management. The paragraph explicitly states that workers lost choice I (freedom), choice 2 (status in the munity), and choice 3 (opportunities for advancement) in the new system, so those choices are all incorrect.6. 1This is a Vocabulary question. The phrase being tested is gathered some momentum. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice I, made progress. To gather momentum means to advance with increasing speed.7. 1This is a Vocabulary question. The word being tested is spe