【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 of the following statements? [A] Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce petition. [B] Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools. [C] Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity. [D] Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school. 答 案及解析 6. 答案是 [D] Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking. 解析：文章第一段說(shuō)， Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of mon sense and concepts with face ，到目前為止，我們還不很了解醫(yī)學(xué)院作弊現(xiàn)象的嚴(yán)重程度，也不甚明了如何對(duì)該類現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行預(yù)防和管理。既然目前所掌握的 DATA 是 insufficient（不充足的），那么 [A][B][C]所說(shuō)的都不符合文章的原意，故均為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。只有 [D]的敘述正確。 7. 答案是 [A] The medical profession is based on trust. 解析：作者在第二段說(shuō)，人們一致認(rèn)為，醫(yī)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)就是誠(chéng)信。在醫(yī)學(xué)院就作弊的學(xué)生通常比其他人更容易做出欺騙病人，同事，和政府的事情。因此，醫(yī)學(xué)以誠(chéng)信為本的性質(zhì)就決定了， 對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)院的作弊行為應(yīng)該堅(jiān)決打擊。 [B]項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是打擊作弊行為的結(jié)果，而不是原因。 [C]醫(yī)學(xué)依靠政府， [D]醫(yī)學(xué)院中作弊行為普遍存在，都不符合文章內(nèi)容。 8. 答案是 [A] Family, culture and society play an active part. 解析： [A]的內(nèi)容符合文章的原意。作者在討論作弊現(xiàn)象的根源時(shí)，結(jié)論是，作弊現(xiàn)象存在，原因是多方面的。學(xué)生在上醫(yī)學(xué)院之前受到的家庭，社會(huì)和文化的熏陶在很大程度上決定他們是否會(huì)在考試中作弊。也就是選項(xiàng) [A]的內(nèi)容。 [B][C][D]的說(shuō)法雖然都有道理，但是都過(guò)于絕對(duì)。學(xué)校的環(huán)境，家長(zhǎng)的教育，電視的影響，雖然都起一定作用，但是都不能說(shuō)是決定性的。 Leading， always， primarily 之類的用詞決定了它們都不是最佳選項(xiàng)。 9. 答案是 [C] Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values. 解析： [A]“醫(yī)學(xué)院應(yīng)該確立明確道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，淘汰道德素質(zhì)低下的申請(qǐng)者”是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)槲恼抡劦饺绾握鐒e申請(qǐng)醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)生的道德素質(zhì)的時(shí)候，作者用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣 have 的過(guò)去式 had（ if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance）：如果能有可靠的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，能預(yù)先了解學(xué)生的道德水平，醫(yī)學(xué)院在錄取的時(shí)候應(yīng)該照顧那些恪守道德準(zhǔn)則的學(xué)生?？梢?jiàn)目前并沒(méi)有這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可循。 [B] Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a 。因?yàn)槲恼旅鞔_地說(shuō) Medical schools...cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.[C]項(xiàng)錯(cuò)，因?yàn)槲恼碌谋疽馐?，醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生在學(xué)期間，道德素質(zhì)不僅不會(huì)提高，而且可能下降（ regress）。但是作者并沒(méi)有說(shuō)，醫(yī)學(xué)院在提高學(xué)生素質(zhì)方面無(wú)計(jì)可施，而是敦促學(xué)校采取相應(yīng)措施， imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity，（增強(qiáng)未來(lái)的醫(yī)師們的道德感）。 10. 答案是 [C] Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity. 解析： [C]項(xiàng)和文章最后一段的 The development of a school39。s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing 相呼應(yīng)。 [A]錯(cuò)，因?yàn)樽髡邲](méi)有建議醫(yī)學(xué)院應(yīng)該降低考試難度。 [B]的敘述不準(zhǔn)確，因?yàn)樽髡叩谋疽馐轻t(yī)學(xué)界的要人應(yīng)該樹(shù)立楷模，而不是讓他們?cè)O(shè)定一套人人遵循的行規(guī)。 [D]錯(cuò)，作者僅提議醫(yī)學(xué)院對(duì)有違反道德準(zhǔn)則學(xué)生的處罰應(yīng)該是堅(jiān)決，公正，透明和統(tǒng)一的。作者并沒(méi)有明確倡議一旦有作弊行為就將其開(kāi)除出校。 Notes 生詞注釋： inappropriate adj. 不合適的 。 不適宜的 lenient adj. 寬容的 , 寬恕的 , 仁慈的 validity n. 確實(shí)性 , 效力 , 合法性 multifactorial adj. (不常用 )多方面的 familial adj. 家庭的 norm n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) , 規(guī)范 , 準(zhǔn)則 rampant adj. 繁茂的 , 蔓延的 , (本文 )猖獗的 imbue v. 浸透 ,使充滿 ,感染 ethical adj. 道德的 。 倫理的 remedy v. 治療 , 修理 , 補(bǔ)救 integrity n. 正直 , 誠(chéng)實(shí) , 清廉 , 完整 regress v. 退回 , 倒退 pervasive adj. 到處彌漫的 , 到處滲透的 nurturing adj. 養(yǎng)育的 , 培養(yǎng)的 infraction n. 違反 , 違法的行為 transparent adj. 透明的 Passage Three A big focus of the criticism of puter games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to fall into some genres. The two genres most popular with the children I interviewed were ?Platformers? and ?Beatthemups.? Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform, avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beatthemups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content. These games involve fights between animated characters. In many ways this violence can be pared to violence within children?s cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls of a cliff but walks away unscathed. Controversy has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children?s everyday lives. There are worries that children are being more violent and aggressive after prolonged exposure to these games. Playing puter games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive ?yells? at the screen. It is not only the ?Beatthemup? games which produce this aggression。 platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their ?lives? and ?die? just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon intense concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great handtoeye coordination. When the player loses and the words ?Game over? appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the puter and at having made an error. This anger and aggression could perhaps be pared to the aggression felt when playing football and you take your eye off the ball and enable the opposition to score. The annoyance experienced when defeated at a puter game is what makes gaming ?addictive?: the player is determined not to make the same mistake again and to have ?one last go? in the hope of doing better next time. Some of the concern over the violence of puter games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality and who act out the violent moves of the games in fight on the playground. The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior. Playing these games can lead to antisocial behavior, make children aggressive and affect their emotional stability. 11. What is the topic of this article? [A] How does playing puter games affect the level of violence in children [B] There is no difference between Platform games and ?BeatThemUps?. [C] How to control anger while playing puter games [D] How to make children spend less time on puter games 12. Which