【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 articular problem may not be as severe as analysts’ fear. Some corporations are wrestling with the jobtraining issue with surprising results. Xerox is emerging as a leader in the field and now offers more than 120 training courses. The fastestgrowing sector: Courses for highend puter professionals, such as system designers and work administrators. “These are $ 20 and $30 and $40anhour jobs,” says Mitchell Fromstein, ECO of Manpower. Offering expensive training programs to temporary workers may not seem like a shrewd business decision, given the high employee turnover. But Fromstein says Manpower has learned to regard training as a twoway street: Teach workers the skills they need, and they’ll keep ing back for more. “That doesn’t mean that people never take our training and go elsewhere for more money,” Fromstein says. “But because we can deliver training on a very costeffective basis, we’re still seeing a good return on our investment.” What role should government play? Federal jobtraining efforts have a spotty record. The 14yearold Jobs Training Partnership Act, for example, has delivered only modest employment and wage gains for adults and virtually no benefits for youths, according to a study by the Urban Institute, a politically moderate research group. Another approach: Tax incentives. In 1978, Congress passed a law allowing firms to provide taxfree tuition to employees for jobrelated training. The program proved popular, and analysts gave it high marks. But Congress allowed the tax break to expire in 1998 in a budgetcutting move. 57. A great demand for onthejob training is brought about by _______ A labor turnover B the decline of job security C the rapid development of technology. D the highpaid jobs 58. Which of the following practices is economically reasonable according to the author? A To get skilled employees from the rival firms. B To invest in workers’ training. C To have high employee turnover. D To ignore the “free rider” problem 59. The “free rider” problem_________ A encourages corporation to invest in employee training. B keeps employees away from jobtraining courses. C may lead to more jobtraining efforts. D can trap the panies into costly job training programs. 60. According to Fromstein, __________ A it doesn’t pay off to offer expensive training programs. B panies are to be well repaid for their jobtraining efforts. C people should not use the skills they have learned to earn money elsewhere. D training delivery should be on the basis of mutual benefits. 61. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A Employees now pay taxfree tuition for jobrelated training. B The tax break came to an end in 1998. C Analysts thought highly of the tax break program. D Federal training efforts are irregularly good and bad. 62. The word “turnover” (Para 3) means __________ A jobhoppers B jobhunters C the amount of business D rate of renewal Passage three When Dr. David Ho announced last year that he thought he might be able to eliminate the AIDS virus pletely from the bodies of his patients by hitting it early and hard with a bination of powerful antiviral drugs, his startling prediction was couched in a big “if”. If it turned out that there were previously undiscovered pockets of viral particles in the body, all bets were off. The bets are off. Reporting in the journal science, two groups of investigators one from Johns Hopkins Medical school in Baltimore, Md., the other from the University of California at San Diego announced last week that they had found a hidden reservoir of HIV that seems perfectly capable of reactivating an infection. A third paper, which will appear in next week’s Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, es to the same conclusion. All three studies determined that HIV hides in some of the socalled memory T cells of the immune system even after it has been cleared from the bloodstream. “I kind of expected this,” says Ho, director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center in New York City, who worked with the Hopkins groups. “It would have been nice not to have this to deal with, but it’s here and we have to handle it.” The memory cells turn out to be perfect hiding places for HIV. Like an extraordinarily detailed puter database, they keep track of every foreign particle or microbe that the body has ever e across. If they meet up with the same intruder at a later date, they can trigger an immediate immune response. That’s why you need to be vaccinated only once against such diseases as polio or smallpox. Until the memory cells are called into action, however, they exist for years and possibly decades in what is known as a resting phase, never making copies of themselves or any of the viruses that may have infected them. Unfortunately, bination therapy works only against actively reproducing viruses. So by lying low within a few memory cells, HIV can escape the pharmacological onslaught. Although disappointed by the latest results, AIDS researchers have not conceded defeat. They were pleased to discover that the HIV stored in the memory cells had not changed: the same collection of antiviral drugs should work on it whenever it es out of hiding. “The bad news is we can’t