【文章內(nèi)容簡介】
n occupation authorities after World War Ⅱ had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents”. 【譯文】 去年,時任教育大臣的瀨戶光夫提出二戰(zhàn)后美國占領(lǐng)當(dāng)局引進(jìn)的自由改革削弱了“ 日本人尊敬父母的道德觀 ” ,一時間輿論嘩然。 【析句】 本句 主語是 Mitsuo Setoyama(瀨戶光夫),從句 who was then education minister是其定語,謂語是 raised eyebrows。 when he argued that? 是全句的時間狀語從句,其中 that引導(dǎo)的從句是 argued的賓語,該賓語從句中主語是 liberal reforms,謂語是 had weakened,賓語是 the “Japanese morality of respect for parents” , 11 introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II是 liberal reforms的定語。 【講詞】 raise eyebrows 字面意思是 “ 揚起眉毛 ” ,但其實際意思是 “ 引起不滿 ” 。 The plan initiated by the government raised eyebrows in the country.(政府推行的計劃引起了國人的不滿。) 16. With economic growth has e centralization。 fully 76 percent of Japan39。s 119 million citizens live in cities where munity and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated,two generation households. 【譯文】 隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,居住呈集中化。日本的人口為 ,其中足有 76%住在城市,在那里社區(qū)和幾世同堂的大家庭已經(jīng)成為過去,而取而代之的是單門獨戶的兩代之家。 【析句】 全 句由兩個并列的分句組成,由分號隔開。在第一分句中,主干是 With economic growth has e centralization,是一個倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),正常的詞序是 Centralization has e with economic growth。在第二個分句中, in cities 是狀語,其后面跟了一個定語從句( where munity and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated,two generation households)。 【講詞】 centralization 意為 “ 集中化 ” ,在句中指家庭成員減少,即一般的家庭都是 nuclear family(核心家庭),家庭成員只是父母加子女。與 nuclear family 相對的概念是 extended family(擴大家庭),即家庭成員至少包括三代人。 munity通常譯為 “ 社區(qū) ”, 也可表示 “ 社會 ” ,如 international munity(國際社會)。 2022 Passage 5 12 17. If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition— wealth, distinction, control over one39。s destiny— must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition s behalf. 【譯文】 如果抱負(fù)得到高度的重視,那么它的回報 —— 財富、聲望、對個人命運的掌握 —— 則必須被認(rèn)為值得為之做出犧牲。 【析句】 此句包含一個 if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句 If ambition is to be well regarded,全句的主語是 the rewards of ambition,謂語是 must be deemed,而破折號中的詞語是插入語,作 the rewards 的同位語。 made on ambition39。s behalf是 the sacrifices的定語。 【講詞】 distinction在句中意為 “ 聲望 ” 。 ambition有 “ 野心,雄心 ” 的意思,但是考慮到 “ 野心 ” 和 “ 雄心 ” 在漢語中的含意不盡相同,一 個是負(fù)面的表述,一個是正面的表述,因此譯成 “ 抱負(fù) ” 比較合適。 worthy of意為 “ 對得起 ” 或 “ 不辜負(fù) ” 。 He is a man worthy of our admiration.(他是一個值得我們稱贊的人。) Is he worthy of your love?(他值得你愛嗎?) on behalf of意為 “ 為了;代表 ” 。 This is a statement issued on behalf of the president.(這是以總統(tǒng)名義發(fā)表的聲明。) I’ d like to offer my congratulations on behalf of my family.(我代表全家向你表示祝賀。) 18. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality,it must be widely shared。 and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired,the educated not least among them. 【譯文】 如果抱負(fù)的傳統(tǒng)具有生命力,那么它就應(yīng)該受到廣泛的推崇,尤其應(yīng)該受到那些自身得到他人羨慕的人們的高度重視,尤其是其中接受過良好教育的人。 13 【析句】 本句由兩個分句構(gòu)成。前一個分句包含由 if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語,主句中的主語 it指代 the tradition of ambition。后一分句中 who are themselves admired 修飾 people, the educated not least among them是 people的補語。注意 people who are themselves admired指 “ 自己也受人仰慕的人 ” 。 The educated among them是指為人仰慕的人當(dāng)中那些接受過良好教育的人。 【講詞】 not least 與 not least of all意思相同,意為 “ 尤其是 ” 。 It pays to know the enemy,not least because at some time you may have the opportunity to turn him into a friend.(了解敵人有好處,尤其是在某個時候你也許 有機會把你的敵人變成你的朋友。) Control is critical to any business success,not least of all in China.(控制對于生意的成功是至關(guān)重要的,尤其是在中國。) 19. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this,a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them. 【譯文】 這其中有著濃厚的虛偽成分,恰如馬跑后再關(guān)上馬廄的門那樣,而受過良好教育的人自己正騎在那些馬背上。 【析句】 a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped 是前面主句的補語, with the educated themselves riding on them 是補語中的伴隨狀語。后句的比喻,即馬跑了再關(guān)上馬廄的門與漢語的成語 “ 亡羊補牢 ” 沒有任何關(guān)系,它的意思更接近于 “ 掩耳盜鈴 ” 。作者在這 里批評那些接受過良好教育的人,他們本人有野心或雄心,但卻反過來譴責(zé)抱負(fù)。 【講詞】 hypocrisy 意為 “ 虛偽;偽善 ” 。 The Open Door policy advocated by the United States is sheer hypocrisy.(美國所倡導(dǎo)的門戶開放政策是十足的虛偽表現(xiàn)。) hypocritical是形容詞,意為 “ 虛偽的 ” , hypocrite指虛偽的人。 14 note意為 “ 口氣,口吻;調(diào)子;成分 ” 。 There is a note of anxiety in her voice.(她的聲音里有一點焦急的意思。) 20. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes,European travel,BMWs— the locations,place names and name brands may change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. 【譯文】 當(dāng)然,人們現(xiàn)在對成功及其標(biāo)志的興趣似乎并未比從前減弱。避暑別墅、歐洲旅行、寶馬車 —— 它們的位置、地名和商標(biāo)可能會改變,但現(xiàn)在對這些東西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前減少。 【析句】 此處出現(xiàn)了兩個比較級, less interested in success and its signs now than formerly和 less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。另外注意句中的雙重否定:一是 do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly,一是 do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。 【講詞】 summer homes指富人在夏天避暑的房子,因此應(yīng)該譯成 “ 避暑別墅 ” 。 name brands指商標(biāo)。 in demand意為 “ 有需求 ” 。 The careers in demand that we have identified all require some level of education.(我們所公布的待聘職位都需要一定的教育程度。) Qualified teachers are in great demand in the rural areas.(農(nóng)村地區(qū)需要大量合格的教師。) 21. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams,as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. 【譯文】 現(xiàn)在的情況是人們不能像以前那樣輕易而公開地坦陳自己的夢想,惟恐別人認(rèn)為自己愛出風(fēng)頭、貪婪、庸俗。 15 【析句】 what一詞指代的是 that引導(dǎo)的從句( that people cannot confess fully to their dreams), as easily and openly as once they could作從句的狀語。此外 lest引 導(dǎo)的是一個帶虛擬語氣的假設(shè)狀語從句。 【講詞】 pushing意為 “ 有進(jìn)取心的 ,有沖勁的 ,急切的 ” 。 acquisitive意為 “ 好學(xué)的;貪婪的 ” ,例如: The boy was so acquisitive that he seemed interested in learning everything.(男孩很好學(xué),不管學(xué)什么他似乎都有興趣。) In an acquisitive society the form that selfishness predominantly takes is moary greed.(在一個貪婪的社會里 ,貪財是自私自利的突出表現(xiàn)形式。) vulgar意為 “ 粗俗的 ,庸俗的,下流的 ” 。 the technical and vulgar names of an animal species(動物種類的科學(xué)名稱和通俗名稱。) The newly rich like to dispaly their vulgar houses and cars.(新富喜歡炫耀其庸俗的房屋和汽車。) 22. In