材料科學基礎第七章(編輯修改稿)
2025-01-03 21:01 本頁面
【文章內容簡介】 Hardness is a measure of the resistance to localize plastic deformation. 硬度是材料抵抗局部塑性形變的量度。 Modulus of elasticity: 彈性模量 For most metals that are stressed in tension and at relatively low levels, stress and strain are proportional to each other through the relationship σ = Eε. This is known as Hooke’s law, and the constant of proportionality E (GPa) is the modulus of elasticity, or Young’s modulus. 大多數(shù)金屬在較低的拉力作用下，應力和應變成正比關系，可表達為 σ = Eε，這就是胡克定理，比例常數(shù) E（ GPa）就是彈性模量，或楊氏模量。 Plastic deformation: 塑性形變 As the material is deformed beyond the strain that elastic deformation persists, the stress is no longer proportional to strain, and permanent, nonrecoverable, or plastic deformation occurs. 當材料的形變超出彈性形變發(fā)生的范圍，其應力將不再與應變成正比，永久的、不可回復的形變發(fā)生，即為塑性形變。 Poisson’s ratio: 泊松比 Poisson’s ratio represents the negative ratio of transverse and longitudinal strains. 泊松比的定義為樣品橫向應變與軸向應變的相反數(shù)。 Proportional limit: 比例極限 For metals that experience the gradual elasticplastic transition, the point of yielding is determined as the initial departure from linearity of the stressstrain curve and this is sometimes called the proportional limit. 對于金屬逐步的彈塑性形變轉變，其屈服點確定為應力－應變曲線非線性關系的開始，這個點也被稱為比例極限。 Resilience: 彈性 Resilience is the capacity of a material to absorb energy during elastic deformation. 彈性是指材料在彈性 形變中吸收能量的能力。 Safe stress: 安全應力 Safe stress is based on the yielding strength of the material and is defined as the yield strength divided by a factor of safety, N, or σw=σy/N. 安全應力是基于材料的屈服強度，它定義為屈服強度除以一個安全因子 N，或σw=σy/N。 Tensile strength: 抗拉強度 Tensile strength corresponds to the maximum t
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