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計算機專業(yè)英語電子教案第11章(編輯修改稿)

2025-06-15 14:32 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 DBMS STRUCTURING TECHNIQUES 1. List structures. In this logical approach, records are linked together by the use of pointers. A pointer is a data item in one record that identifies the storage location of another logically related record. Records in a customer master file, for example, will contain the name and address of each customer, and each record in this file is identified by an account number. During an accounting period, a customer may buy a number of items on different days. Thus, the pany may maintain an invoice file to reflect these transactions. 鏈表結(jié)構(gòu) 。 在該邏輯方式中 , 記錄通過指針鏈接在一起 。 指針是記錄中的一個數(shù)據(jù)項 , 它指出另一個邏輯相關(guān)的記錄的存儲位置 , 例如 , 顧客主文件中的記錄將包含每個顧客的姓名和地址 , 而且該文件中的每個記錄都由一個賬號標(biāo)識 。 在記賬期間 , 顧客可在不同時間購買許多東西 ,公司保存一個發(fā)票文件以反映這些交易 。 Chapter 11 Database Management 計算機專業(yè)英語 1112 DBMS STRUCTURING TECHNIQUES A list structure could be used in this situation to show the unpaid invoices at any given time. Each record in the customer file would contain a field that would point to the record location of the first invoice for that customer in the invoice file (fig111). This invoice record, in turn, would be linked to later invoices for the customer. The last invoice in the chain would be identified by the use of a special character as a pointer. 這種情況下可使用鏈表結(jié)構(gòu) , 以顯示給定時間內(nèi)未支付的發(fā)票 。 顧客文件中的每個記錄都包含這樣一個字段 , 該字段指向發(fā)票文件 (圖 111)中該顧客的第一個發(fā)票的記錄位置 , 該發(fā)票記錄又依次與該顧客的下一個發(fā)票記錄相連 ,此鏈接的最后一個發(fā)票記錄由一個作為指針的特殊字符標(biāo)識 。 Chapter 11 Database Management 計算機專業(yè)英語 1113 Pointer Invoice number Invoice number Pointer Invoice number Invoice number Invoice number Invoice number Fig 111 List Structure Chapter 11 Database Management 計算機專業(yè)英語 1114 DBMS STRUCTURING TECHNIQUES Hierarchical (tree) structures. In this logical approach, data units are structured in multiple levels that graphically resemble an upside down tree with the root at the top and the branches formed below. There39。s a superiorsubordinate relationship in a hierarchical (tree) structure. Below the singleroot data ponent are subordinate elements or nodes, each of which, in turn, own one or more other elements (or none) [3]. Each element or branch in this structure below the root has only a single owner. Thus, as we see in fig112, a customer owns an invoice, and the invoice has subordinate items. The branches in a tree structure are not connected. 層次 (樹型 )結(jié)構(gòu) 。 該邏輯方式中 , 數(shù)據(jù)單元的多級結(jié)構(gòu)類似一棵 “ 倒立 ” 的樹 , 該樹的樹根在頂部 , 而樹枝向下延伸 。 在層次 (樹型 )結(jié)構(gòu)中存在主 從關(guān)系 , 唯一的根數(shù)據(jù)下是從屬的元或節(jié)點 , 而每個從屬的元或節(jié)點又依次 “ 擁有 ” 一個或多個其它元 (或者沒有 ) 。 該結(jié)構(gòu)中根下面的每個元或樹枝都只有一個所有者 , 這樣 , 正如我們在圖 112中所看到的 , 一個 customer(顧客 )擁有一個 invoice(發(fā)票 ), 而 invoice(發(fā)票 )又有從屬項 。 在樹型結(jié)構(gòu)中 , 樹枝不能相連 。 Chapter 11 Database Management 計算機專業(yè)英語 1115 DB
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