工程管理專業(yè)英語中英對照論文(編輯修改稿)
2024-10-12 14:47 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 . From 1985 to 1993, premiums for construction rades increased at an average rate of % (Grogan 1993).However, insurance premiums are not the only costs that result from workplace injuries and fatalities. There are also indirect costs that may be several times as much as the direct costs of njuries. Together, these costs place a large economic burden on contractors, owners, and users of constructed facilities. Further, by increasing the costs of industrial and mercial facilities, the petitive strength of American firms, both at home and abroad, is deprecated. Realizing the magnitude of this problem and other productivity issues in the construction industry, in 1979, the Business Round table (BR) (The Business Round table is an anization founded in 1972. It is prised of more than 200 chief executives of major corporations who meet to focus and act on a wide range of public issues. Over the years, the aim of the BR in construction has been to promote quality, efficiency, and costeffectiveness.) missioned a series of studies to investigate declining productivity in the construction industry, called the Construction Industry CostEffectiveness (CICE) project. This project brought together more than 250 people with expertise in construction from both industry and academia. As part of this project, in 1981, the BR missioned a separate study to examine the costs of injuries in the construction industry (Improving 1982). The purpose of this study was to draw attention to the true costs of accidents in the industry in the hope that contractors would undertake greater measures to curb these BR report, adapted from work performed by a group at Stanford University, California, concluded that the total cost of injuries and fatalities in the construction industry accounts for % of the total cost of industrial, utility, and mercial construction. Since that time, however, much has changed. Although injury rates have decreased, soaring medical costs and widespread abuse of benefits (Workers39。 1991), have caused the cost of WCI to skyrocket. Also contributing to the rise in WCI costs is increased recognition by the medical munity, insurers, and workers themselves that many ailments such as cumulative trauma disorders, hearing loss, lowback pain, stress, and others are workrelated and are pensible. Third party claims have also bee much more prev
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