【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 hear as you?re rounding a bend out here is a cellphone ring or some guy talking to his broker or ordering pizza.” Implies that _______. (A) most people visiting the national parks carry cellphones with themselves (B) he is not interested in observing how visitors use cellphones in national parks 6 (C) he doesn?t like to be disturbed by cellphones ringing in quiet national parks (D) visitors should not be allowed to use cellphones in national parks 2. The expression “raises the ire” in the sentence” Similarly, a new cellphone tower in full view of the famous geyser at Yellowstone National Park now raises the ire of some visitors.” () can best be paraphrased as ______. (A) stimulates the irony (B) arouses the anger (C) causes the doubt (D) raises the opposition 3. According to park spokesman Al Nash, using of cell service in the national parks_____. (A) helps visitors in case of emergency (B) increases the cost of park service (C) leads to the increase of emergency calls (D) replaces the twoway radio munication 4. When Brian Goemmer says “We?ve been surprised that all of a sudden it became a lightning rod” (), he most probably implies that _______. (A) he is surprised that cellphone towers can serve as lightning rods (B) he shows an open attitude to the criticism from the public (C) he is happy that cell towers are useful for altitudeor heatchallenged visitors (D) he cannot understand why cell towers are opposed by the public 5. According to the passage the Telemunications Act of 1996 ______. (A) allocates and specifies federal lands for the building of cell towers (B) does not play the role in making national policies on cell towers (C) shows clearly when the cell towers can be rejected (D) does not say clearly how to restrict the erection of cell towers Questions 610 Scientists have discovered a way of manipulating a gene that turns nimals into drones incapable of being bored even when performing repetitive tasks. Experiments on rhesus monkeys have shown for the first time that animal behaviour can be permanently altered, turning the subjects from aggressive to “pliant” creatures. The genes are identical in humans. Although the research is intended to advance the treatment of mental illness, it will raise images of the Epsilon caste created by Aldous Huxley to carry out menial jobs in his novel, Brave New World. It could also do away with the need for motivational coaching and perhaps one day provide a cure for those who dread returning to work on Mondays. The experimentsdetailed in the journal Nature Neuroscienceinvolved blocking the effect of a gene in the brain called D2, which cut the link between the monkeys? motivation and perceived reward. Instead of 7 speeding up with the approach of a deadline or the prospect of a “treat”. The monkeys could still work enthusiastically for long periods. “most people are motivated to work hard and well only by the expectation of reward, whether it?s a pay cheque or word of praise”. Said Barry Richmond, a neurobiologist at America?s National Institute of Mental Health, who led the project. “We could remove that link and create a situation where repetitive hard work would continue without any reward.” The experiments involved getting monkeys to operate levers in response to colour changers on screens in front of them. Normally they wok hardest and fastest with the fewest mistakes if they think a reward for the “work” is imminent. But Richmond?s team found they could make the monkeys work their hardest and fastest all the time, without any plaint or sign of slacking, just by manipulating D2 so that they fot about expectation of reward. “we make decisions all the time bases on how valuable we think a reward is and how much time we think it is going to take to get it,” said Richmond. “In depression, people think no reward is worthwhile and al work is too burdensome. In obsessive pulsive disorder, people work and are never satisfied by what they have done. If we can find the disturbance in the brain circuitry related to emotions and reward, we might be able to relieve the symptoms.” He said the technicalities of permanently altering human behaviour by gene manipulation are currently too plex and humans who underwent this treatment to bee live manifestations of Huxley?s Epsilons would not function well. “they would be indiscriminate and not be able to appreciate that their efforts were wasted if there was a problem further along a production line,” Richmond said. “it would be more to the point for us to motivate people suing normal motivating factors.” However, he and other scientists acknowledge that methods of manipulating human physical and psychological traits are just around the corner and the technology will emerge first as a lucrative addon available from IVF clinics. “There?s no doubt we will be able to influence behavior,” said Julian Savulescu, a professor of ethics at Oxford University. He said: “Geically manipulating people to bee slaves is not in their interests, but other changes might be. We have to make choices about what makes a good life for an individual.” Richmond?s findings were discussed at a Royal Society meeting anized by Bob Edwards, the scientist whose work led to the creation of Louise Brown, the world?s first test tube baby. In a presentation entitled Designing Babies: What the Future Holds, Yuri Verlinsky, a scientist from the University of Chicago who is at the forefront of embryo manipulation, said: “as infertility customers are investing so much time, money and effort into having a baby, shouldn?t they have a healthy one and what is to stop them picking a baby for its physical and psychological traits?” the advent of the technology is considered so serious in America that a meeting to discuss setting up a legal framework for “germline” geic manipul