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20xx年專業(yè)英語翻譯方法與技巧專業(yè)英語如何翻譯(實(shí)用五篇)(編輯修改稿)

2025-08-12 21:16 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 。liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?,這就叫做蒸發(fā)。 說明:關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。非限制性定語從句與高考試題我們在學(xué)習(xí)英語時(shí),常常遇到非限制性定語從句。下面結(jié)合高考試題談?wù)剬W(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用非限制性定語從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題。不能用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句煩[考例1]燬he heard the terrible noise, ____ brought her heart into her mouth.(met’91)牘鶤.it b.which鶦.this鶧.that煩[簡析]犙b。后半句為非限制性定語從句,不用that而用which來引導(dǎo)。which指代noise,在從句中作主語。,還可用when焪here焪hose焪hom等引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,且各自的用法及差異與它們用在限制性定語從句時(shí)相同。如:next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching.下個(gè)月即將來臨,屆時(shí)你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度暑假。(關(guān)系副詞when指代表示時(shí)間的名詞next month,并作從句的狀語。)she is going to live in macao, where she has some close friends.她要到澳門去居住,在那里她有幾個(gè)密友。(關(guān)系副詞where指代表示地點(diǎn)的名詞macao,并在從句中作狀語。)[考例2]燫ecently i bought an ancient chinese vase, __was very reasonable.(上海2000)a.which price b.the price of which c.its price d.the price of whose[簡析]犙b。whose在從句中作表示所屬關(guān)系的定語,既可指代人,也可指代物。指物時(shí),常可轉(zhuǎn)換為of which;指人時(shí)??赊D(zhuǎn)換為of whom。[考例3]營n the office i never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ____ many people have gone home.a(chǎn).whose time b.that c.on which d.by which time(上?!?5)牑[簡析]犗刃寫5:30 p.m.與time之間是一種同位關(guān)系,可用which來作定語替代。從句中的完成狀態(tài),常與by短語連用,故選d。如:he was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother.他迫切地想到醫(yī)院去看望他繼母,他把繼母當(dāng)自己的親媽媽一樣愛戴。,既可以指代前面的先行詞,也可以指代前面整句的含義。[考例4]燚orothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____ of course,焟ade the others unhappy.a(chǎn).who鶥.which鶦.this鶧.what煩(nmet 2000)牑煩[簡析] 選b。指代“dorothy總是高度評(píng)價(jià)自己在那場戲中所擔(dān)任的角色”整個(gè)事件。[考例5]燙arol said the work would be done by october, ____ personally i doubt very much.鶤.it b.that c.when d.which煩 (nmet’99)牑煩[簡析]牨硎臼奔淶拿詞october,用“我個(gè)人非常懷疑”來修飾,意思不通。應(yīng)該修飾整個(gè)主句,表示對(duì)“carol說在十月前能作好這項(xiàng)工作”懷疑。故選d。,非限制性定語從句只能用as引導(dǎo),而置于句末時(shí),as和which都行。[考例6] ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.(nmet 2001)牘a.it b.a(chǎn)s鶦.that鶧.what煩[簡析]牰漢瘧礱魑非限制性定語從句。選b。[考例7] ____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.a(chǎn).which鶥.a(chǎn)s鶦.that鶧.it煩(上海’99)牑煩[簡析]牬鳶肝狟。與考例6同理。定語從句(5)介詞+關(guān)系詞1)介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 2)that前不能有介詞。 3)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間,點(diǎn)或原因狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。this is the house in which i lived two years ago.=this is the house where i lived two years ago.do you remember the day on which you joined our club?=do you remember the day when you joined our club?定語從句(6)as, which 非限定性定語從句由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,as和which可代整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于and this或and that。as一般放在句首,也可以放在句中或句末, as 的這種用法通常出現(xiàn)在一些固定短語之中如:1.a(chǎn)s has been said before 如上所述2.a(chǎn)s may be imagined正如可以想象出來的那樣3.a(chǎn)s is well known 眾所周知4.a(chǎn)s was expected正如預(yù)料的那樣5.a(chǎn)s has been already pointed out正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣6.a(chǎn)s we all can see 正如我們都會(huì)看到的那樣;而which只放在句中。as we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.this elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.the sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例題1)alice received an invitation from her boss, ___ came as a surprise.a. it b. that c. which鶧。 he答案c. 此為非限定性從句,不能用 that修飾,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成為句子,兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。2)the weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.a. what鶥。 which鶦。 that鶧。 it答案b。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定語從句,而what不可。that 不能用于非限定性定語從句,it不為連詞,使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。3)it rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..a. that鶥。 which鶦。 as d. it和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思,且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn):(1) as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首,而which不可。2) as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí),具有描述性的特點(diǎn),如,“在這一點(diǎn)上” 或“正如…..”;而which表結(jié)果,則從句中的關(guān)系代詞用which.。在本題中,正因?yàn)閞ained hard, 才造后面的結(jié)果,所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為b。as 的用法:same… as;such…as。 as / so…as…中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。as既可指人,也可指物,常在限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)主、賓、表語。as引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞前面常有as /such /the same等修飾詞。還要注意區(qū)分下列兩個(gè)詞組:1.“such...that...”表“如此……以致……”的意思,用來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句;而“such...a(chǎn)s...”表“像……這(那)樣”的意思,用來引導(dǎo)定語從句,as在定語從句中充當(dāng)主、賓、表語等。試比較下列兩個(gè)句子:①he is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一個(gè)如此誠實(shí)的人以致我們都尊敬他。② he is such an honest man as we respect.他像我們所尊敬的那種誠實(shí)的人。2.“the same...that...”表同一人或物,而“the same...a(chǎn)s...”表同種類的東西。試比較下列兩個(gè)句子:①this is the same book that i lost.這就是我丟失的那一本書。(指同一本書)②this is the same book as i lost.我丟失的那一本書一模一樣。(并不是原來的那一本)例如:he is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界上最勇敢的人。dont read such books as are not worth reading.不要讀那些不值得讀的書。i have got into the same trouble as he (has).the film is so good as we saw last night.(as 作saw 的賓語)film is so good that we moved to tears.(that是連詞,不作句子成分,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)last night we saw such a good film as we had expected.(as作expected的賓語)night we saw such a good film that we thought it’s worth seeing again. (that是連詞,不作句子成分,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)例2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句,常帶有正如。as we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.as is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.as是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語;例2中,它充當(dāng)從句的主語,謂語動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。定語從句(7)1)whoever spits in public will be punished here.(whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)the parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)2. what/whatever。that/what。 who/whoever1)what = the thing which;whatever = anythingwhat you want has been sent here.whatever you want makes no difference to me.2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who(錯(cuò))who breaks the law will be punished.(錯(cuò))whoever
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