【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】
rport bus will leave you right at the station. get off at cliff station. from there you can either walk to my place (about ten minutes) or take a taxi. probably you should take a taxi as you will have luggage.yours,____20 june 20__dear mr. seaton,thank you very much for taking me with you on that splendid outing to london. it was the first time that i had seen the tower or any of the other famous sights. if id gone alone, i couldnt have seen nearly as much, because i wouldnt have known my way about.the weather was splendid on that day, which i thought was rare. i still remember some people told me that in britain there was weather and no climate. during the same day, it might snow in the morning, rain at noon, shine in the afternoon and be windy before the night falls. so i think i was lucky.ithink the river trip was the best thing of all. london really came alive for me as we saw it from the thames during that wonderful journey down to greenwich. it was all tremendously exciting a day that i shall never forget.thank you for giving me such a great birthday treat.yours sincerely,linda chenmy dearest mother,the mothers day is ing and i would like to say ^v^happy mothers day^v^ in this letter. i love you and thank you so much for everything you did for me. this day, i will stay away and cant give you my appreciation at home. i know i will watch myself, so dont worry about me. i am doing very well on my study. my schoolmates and teachers are all very nice. though i cant be at home, i hope you have a wonderful mothers day.love,your daughterdear brown,it is my pleasure to remend li ming, my good friend, for his application to work in your pany. li ming graduated from beijing industry university. his major is puter software. during the four yearsstudy he has done a good job. every year he got the first grade scholarship. and he also has got the title of the excellent graduate.he is an enthusiastic and progressive young man with high potentiality. he is not only quick at learning but also good at solving difficult problems with logical mind. i am sure that it will benefit your pany if he can work for your pany. i ①稱呼:頂格,有的還可以加上一定的限定、修飾詞,如親愛(ài)的等。②問(wèn)候語(yǔ):如寫(xiě)“你好”、“近來(lái)身體是否安康”等,可以接正文。(不過(guò)很少。)③正文。這是信的主體,可以分為若干段來(lái)書(shū)寫(xiě)。④祝頌語(yǔ)。以最一般的“此致”、“敬禮”為例?!按酥隆笨梢杂袃煞N正確的位置來(lái)進(jìn)行書(shū)寫(xiě),一是緊接著主體正文之后,不另起段,不加標(biāo)點(diǎn);二是在正文之下另起一行空兩格書(shū)寫(xiě)。“敬禮”寫(xiě)在“此致”的下一行,頂格書(shū)寫(xiě)。后應(yīng)該加上一個(gè)驚嘆號(hào),以表示祝頌的誠(chéng)意和強(qiáng)度。稱呼和祝頌語(yǔ)后半部分的頂格,是對(duì)收信人的一種尊重。是古代書(shū)信“抬頭”傳統(tǒng)的延續(xù)。古人書(shū)信為豎寫(xiě),行文涉及對(duì)方收信人姓名或稱呼,為了表示尊重,不論書(shū)寫(xiě)到何處,都要把對(duì)方的姓名或稱呼提到下一行的頂頭書(shū)寫(xiě)。它的基本做法,為現(xiàn)代書(shū)信所吸收。⑤署名和日期。寫(xiě)信人的姓名或名字,寫(xiě)在祝頌語(yǔ)下方空一至二行的右側(cè)。最好還要在寫(xiě)信人姓名之前寫(xiě)上與收信人的關(guān)系,如兒、父、你的朋友等。在下一行寫(xiě)日期。如果忘了寫(xiě)某事,則可以在日期下空一行、再空兩格寫(xiě)上“又附”,再另起一行書(shū)寫(xiě)未盡事情。書(shū)信歷史悠久,其格式也幾經(jīng)變化。今天,按通行的習(xí)慣,書(shū)信格式主要包括五個(gè)部分:稱呼、正文、結(jié)尾、署名和日期。也稱“起首語(yǔ)”,是對(duì)收信人的稱呼。稱呼要在信紙第一行頂格寫(xiě)起,后加“:”,冒號(hào)后不再寫(xiě)字。稱呼和署名要對(duì)應(yīng),明確自己和收信人的關(guān)系。(具體可參見(jiàn)第四編《應(yīng)酬稱謂》)稱呼可用姓名、稱謂,還可加修飾語(yǔ)或直接用修飾語(yǔ)作稱呼。這里簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明幾條細(xì)則:(1)給長(zhǎng)輩的信。若是近親,就只寫(xiě)稱謂,不寫(xiě)名字,如“爸”、“媽”、“哥”、“嫂”等;親戚關(guān)系的,就寫(xiě)關(guān)系的稱謂,如“姨媽”、“姑媽”等。對(duì)非近親的長(zhǎng)輩,可在稱謂前加名或姓,如“趙阿姨”、“黃叔叔”等。(2)給*輩的信。夫妻或戀愛(ài)關(guān)系,可直接用對(duì)方名字,愛(ài)稱加修飾語(yǔ)或直接用修飾語(yǔ),如“麗”、“敏華”、“親愛(ài)的”等;同學(xué)、同鄉(xiāng)、同事、朋友的信,可直接用名字、昵稱或加上“同學(xué)”、“同志”,如“瑞生”、“老紀(jì)”、“小鄒”、“三毛”等。(3)給晚輩的信。一般直接寫(xiě)名字,如“樂(lè)毅”、“君*”、“阿明”等;也可在名字后加上輩分稱謂,如“李花侄女”等;亦可直接用稱謂作稱呼,如“孫女”、“兒子”等。(4)給師長(zhǎng)的信,通常只寫(xiě)其姓或其名,再加“老師”二字,如“段老師”、“周師傅”、“宏海老師”等。對(duì)于十分熟悉的師長(zhǎng),也可單稱“老師”、“師傅”。假如連名帶姓,在信首直稱“孫松*老師”、“王達(dá)夫師傅”,就顯得不大自然且欠恭敬。對(duì)于學(xué)有專長(zhǎng)、德高望重的師長(zhǎng),往往在姓后加一“老”字,以示尊重,如“戴老”、“周老”,亦可在姓名后加“先生”二字。為鄭重起見(jiàn),也有以職務(wù)相稱的,如“董教授”、“陳大夫”、“佟工程師”等。(5)給一個(gè)單位或幾個(gè)人的信,又不指定姓名的,可寫(xiě)“同志們”、“諸位先生”、“xx等同志”等。給機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體的信,可直接寫(xiě)機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體名稱。如“xx委員會(huì)”、“xx公司”。致機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的信,可直接用姓名,加上“同志”、“先生”或職務(wù)作稱呼,亦可直接在機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體稱呼之后加上“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)同志”、“負(fù)責(zé)同志”、“總經(jīng)理”、“廠長(zhǎng)”等。如果信是同時(shí)寫(xiě)給兩個(gè)人的,兩個(gè)稱呼應(yīng)上下并排在一起,也可一前一后,尊長(zhǎng)者在前。上述五種場(chǎng)合,有時(shí)還可按特殊對(duì)象,視情況加上“尊敬的”、“敬愛(ài)的”、“親愛(ài)的”等形容詞,以表示敬重或親密之情。當(dāng)然,這要用得適宜,如對(duì)好友稱“尊敬的”,反而顯得見(jiàn)外,對(duì)無(wú)特殊關(guān)系的年輕女性貿(mào)然稱呼“親愛(ài)的”,那就有失檢點(diǎn)了。正文通常以問(wèn)候語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭。問(wèn)候是一種文明禮貌行為,也是對(duì)收信人的一種禮節(jié),體現(xiàn)寫(xiě)信人對(duì)收信人的關(guān)心。問(wèn)候語(yǔ)最常見(jiàn)的是“您好!”“近好!”依時(shí)令節(jié)氣不同,也常有所變化,如“新年好!”“春節(jié)愉快!”問(wèn)候語(yǔ)寫(xiě)在稱呼下一行,前面空兩格,常自成一段。問(wèn)候語(yǔ)之后,常有幾句啟始語(yǔ)。如“久未見(jiàn)面,別來(lái)無(wú)恙?!薄敖鼇?lái)一切可好?”“久未通信,甚念!”之類。問(wèn)候語(yǔ)要注意簡(jiǎn)潔、得體。接下來(lái)便是正文的主要部分——主體文,即寫(xiě)信人要說(shuō)的話。它可以是稟啟、復(fù)答、勸諭、抒懷、辭謝、致賀、請(qǐng)托、慰唁,也可以是敘情說(shuō)理、辯駁論證等。這一部分,動(dòng)筆之前,就應(yīng)該成竹在胸,明白寫(xiě)信的主旨,做到有條有理、層次分明。若是信中同時(shí)要談幾件事,更要注意主次分明,有頭有尾,詳略得當(dāng),最好是一件事一段落,不要混為一談。正文寫(xiě)完后,都要寫(xiě)上表示敬意、祝愿或勉勵(lì)的話,作為書(shū)信的結(jié)尾。習(xí)慣上,它被稱做祝頌語(yǔ)或致敬語(yǔ),這是對(duì)收信人的一種禮貌。祝愿的話可因人、因具體情況選用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,不要亂用。(可參見(jiàn)下節(jié)《常用書(shū)信用語(yǔ)》的“祝頌語(yǔ)”。)結(jié)尾的習(xí)慣寫(xiě)法有兩種:(1)在正文寫(xiě)完之后,轉(zhuǎn)一行空兩格寫(xiě)“此致”,再換一行寫(xiě)“敬禮”。(2)不寫(xiě)“此致”,只是另起一行空兩格寫(xiě)“敬禮”、“安好”、“健康”、“*安”等詞。(3)也可以寫(xiě)“**安安”“天天開(kāi)心”等詞語(yǔ)。在書(shū)信最后一行,署上寫(xiě)信人的姓名。署名應(yīng)寫(xiě)在正文結(jié)尾后的右方空半行的地方。如果是寫(xiě)給的親屬、朋友,可加上自己的稱呼,如兒、弟、兄、侄等,后邊寫(xiě)名字,不必寫(xiě)姓。如果是寫(xiě)給組織的信,一定要把姓與名全部寫(xiě)上。而在署名之后,有時(shí)還視情加上“恭呈”、“謹(jǐn)上”、“敬上”等,以示尊敬。上述自稱,都要和信首的稱謂相互吻合。用以注明寫(xiě)完信的時(shí)間,寫(xiě)在署名之后或下邊。有時(shí)寫(xiě)信人還加上自己的所在的地點(diǎn),尤其是在旅途中寫(xiě)的信,更應(yīng)如此。書(shū)信要用黑毛筆、或藍(lán)色水筆、圓珠筆、鋼筆寫(xiě)。不能用鉛筆,以防模糊不清。也不能用紅筆寫(xiě),這會(huì)讓對(duì)方以為是絕交信。信紙要用專門(mén)信紙或稿紙。(1)稱呼、問(wèn)候用語(yǔ)及信中語(yǔ)氣、措詞要符合寫(xiě)信人的身份。(2)要考慮收信人的文化水*及經(jīng)歷,使收信人看得懂信。(3)要抓住重點(diǎn),力求寫(xiě)得充實(shí)、圓滿、簡(jiǎn)短。首先,要寫(xiě)得清楚明白,使對(duì)方一看就懂。寫(xiě)信是單方面談話,不像當(dāng)面拉家常那樣,對(duì)方聽(tīng)不懂時(shí),還可以解釋說(shuō)明,直至弄懂為止。因此,寫(xiě)信時(shí),要告訴對(duì)方什么事情,要求對(duì)方辦什么事情,或者回答對(duì)方什么問(wèn)題,都要寫(xiě)得清楚明白,一目了然。要做到這一點(diǎn),其實(shí)并不難。這就是:仍照日常說(shuō)話一樣,話怎么說(shuō),信就怎么寫(xiě),樸實(shí)無(wú)華,本色本香。如果裝模作樣,堆炮辭藻,反而會(huì)顯得不親切,不誠(chéng)懇,影響雙方感情的交流;甚或因咬文嚼字,弄巧成拙,鬧出笑話。其次,要寫(xiě)得簡(jiǎn)潔利索,使對(duì)方一看就能抓住要領(lǐng)。本來(lái)么,書(shū)信的目的是最為明確的,或是相互問(wèn)好,或是交流思想,或是傳遞信息,或是研討問(wèn)題,或是有事相托,等等。寫(xiě)信時(shí),若不兜圈子,不說(shuō)車轱轆話,而是開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,直抒胸臆,自然就會(huì)收到句無(wú)虛發(fā),經(jīng)濟(jì)明快的效果。而且這種書(shū)信,自己寫(xiě)起來(lái),一定是得心應(yīng)手;對(duì)方一看也準(zhǔn)能心領(lǐng)神會(huì)。如果信的內(nèi)容,涉及面廣,談的問(wèn)題也較多,像交流思想、研討問(wèn)題等,那么就要和寫(xiě)文章一樣,動(dòng)筆之前,要想好先寫(xiě)什么,后寫(xiě)什么,切不可語(yǔ)無(wú)倫次,信筆寫(xiě)來(lái)。再次,要寫(xiě)得優(yōu)美得體,使對(duì)方一看就深感真摯可親。書(shū)信多是親朋或同志之間的談話。因此,書(shū)信的語(yǔ)言除簡(jiǎn)潔利索之外,還要注意道德風(fēng)尚,講究文明禮貌,能夠通過(guò)書(shū)信的往來(lái),反映出我國(guó)人民的精神面貌和整個(gè)社會(huì)風(fēng)貌來(lái)。這就要求我們?cè)趯?xiě)信時(shí)所用的語(yǔ)言、語(yǔ)氣要視不同對(duì)象、用途和內(nèi)容而異。就對(duì)象而言,對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩要謙恭,對(duì)*輩要尊重,對(duì)晚輩也要避免用教訓(xùn)的口吻,即使對(duì)犯有錯(cuò)誤的人,也只能以理服人,而不能盛氣凌人,更不能出口傷人。就內(nèi)容而言,表示問(wèn)候,要親切熱情;報(bào)喜祝賀,要熱烈歡快;研討問(wèn)題,要心*氣和;請(qǐng)教求助,要謙虛誠(chéng)懇;規(guī)勸教育,要以心換心,喻之以理,等等。同時(shí),還要注意稱呼、問(wèn)候和致敬語(yǔ)的選用。最后,還想談?wù)剬?xiě)字的問(wèn)題。字是書(shū)信這一特殊交際工具的輔助性的工具。字寫(xiě)得正確工整與否,必直接關(guān)系到這封信能否發(fā)揮其交際效能。寫(xiě)信應(yīng)該用行書(shū),也可以用楷書(shū),一般情況下不提倡用草書(shū),更不應(yīng)該龍飛鳳舞,筆走龍蛇,潦草得叫人辨認(rèn)不出是什么字來(lái),以致耽誤了事情。我國(guó)有個(gè)優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng),給別人寫(xiě)信,特別是給長(zhǎng)輩寫(xiě)信,必須每個(gè)字都寫(xiě)得端端正正,工工整整,否則不夠禮貌。有時(shí)寫(xiě)得匆忙,字寫(xiě)得不夠規(guī)矩,還要在最后寫(xiě)上一句:“草草不恭。敬希原宥!”我們應(yīng)該繼承并發(fā)揚(yáng)這一優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。另外,不少的書(shū)信,往往是一氣呵成。這就很有必要在寫(xiě)完之后,逐字逐句地再檢查一遍,看是否由于遺字掉句,或由于寫(xiě)了錯(cuò)別字,而使語(yǔ)意有不夠清楚的地方。英語(yǔ)書(shū)信的簡(jiǎn)單格式 英語(yǔ)書(shū)信的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式篇十一here are some instructions and suggestions.may i suggest that we meet at the gate of the university?id like to suggest you should visit london for at least two days on your way to scotland.considering your present situation, i propose that you should apply for the post.what i want to suggest is ...my suggestion is that. . .if you. .