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汽車專業(yè)外文翻譯-汽車設(shè)計(jì)(編輯修改稿)

2025-02-24 04:02 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 的速度遞增,對汽油資源需求大量增加,我國每年需要進(jìn)口大量原油、成品油和 LPG。使用燃?xì)馄嚳蓛?yōu)化 汽車燃料供應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu),改變了汽車燃料只有汽油、柴油的格局,既緩解了汽油供應(yīng)緊張的問題又滿足交通事業(yè)發(fā) 展的需要。 可延長發(fā)動機(jī)壽命。天然氣容易擴(kuò)散,以氣態(tài)進(jìn)入發(fā)動機(jī),在發(fā)動機(jī)中容易和空氣均勻混合,燃燒比較完全、干凈;可以提高熱循環(huán)效率,加快燃燒速度,充分利用燃燒熱能;同時(shí)CNG 辛烷值高,抗暴性能好,使用時(shí)不需要添加抗暴劑,不會稀釋潤滑油,因而使發(fā)動機(jī)氣缸內(nèi)的零件磨損大大減少,使發(fā)動機(jī)的壽命和潤滑油的使用期限大幅度增長。所有這些都會降低汽車的保養(yǎng)和運(yùn)行費(fèi)用,從而提高汽車使用的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。 有較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。目前,國內(nèi)汽油價(jià)格持續(xù)上升,價(jià)格體系已和世界接軌,使用 CNG汽車將能節(jié)省近 40%燃料費(fèi)用,見表3。 三、 CNG 汽車的發(fā)展前景 CNG 汽車和加氣站具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景,主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾方面: l、汽車保有量的飛速增長、石油資源和環(huán)保的嚴(yán)峻形勢,決定了發(fā)展天然氣汽車成為解決能源問題和環(huán)境問題的重要途徑。 “十一五 ”期間,新型清潔能源汽車已被列入《國家科技發(fā)展中長期規(guī)劃》,國家將繼續(xù)組織實(shí)施涉及各種清潔能源汽車的重大科技項(xiàng)目,重點(diǎn)支持包括天然氣汽車在內(nèi)的整車、零部件等關(guān)鍵技術(shù),將進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)天然氣汽車的發(fā)展。 我國天然氣資源大規(guī)模開發(fā)及管道建設(shè)步伐加快使發(fā)展 CNG 和加氣站成為可能。根據(jù)我國天然氣利用 規(guī)劃,近十年 “西氣東輸 ”、 “陜京二線 ”等一大批輸氣管道及沿線城市燃?xì)夤艿老嗬^建成,我國大規(guī)模利用天然氣的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施逐步完善,天然氣加氣站也將逐步形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 發(fā)展 CNG 汽車具有穩(wěn)定的氣源保證,以天津?yàn)槔?,目前天津市已建立了完善的天然氣輸配系統(tǒng),由陜北、大港、華北等油田向天津供氣, 2021 年年供氣量近 6 億 m3, 2021年預(yù)計(jì)達(dá) 8 億 m3,管網(wǎng)長度 6894km,其中,高壓管線 591km,為 “十一五 ”期間天津市大力發(fā)展 CNG汽車大規(guī)模建設(shè)加氣站提供了保證。 四、 CNG 汽車和加氣站發(fā)展對策探討 為加快以天然氣為燃料 的清潔汽車的發(fā)展,提出以下建議: 政府出臺鼓勵和扶持政策:世界各國發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明,政府的支持是加快發(fā)展的必要條件,其經(jīng)濟(jì)政策是影響其發(fā)展的重要因素,應(yīng)在法律方面予以保障,在燃?xì)馄嚿a(chǎn)、改裝、零部件生產(chǎn),加氣站建設(shè),燃?xì)馄囐徺I和使用、維修等環(huán)節(jié)制定價(jià)格、稅收、投資、補(bǔ)貼等方面配套的優(yōu)惠政策。燃?xì)鈨r(jià)格是影響燃?xì)馄嚢l(fā)展的重要因素,只有燃?xì)鈨r(jià)格與汽油價(jià)格形成足夠大差價(jià)時(shí),燃?xì)馄嚨陌l(fā)展才具有經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)和推動力。 第 7 頁 加強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo),實(shí)行統(tǒng)一管理。發(fā)展 CNG 汽車必須建設(shè)優(yōu)質(zhì)、便利的加氣站,需要規(guī)劃、公安、消防、勞動 、技監(jiān)等部門的支持。 在市政規(guī)劃中,加氣站與加油站應(yīng)統(tǒng)籌考慮,合理布局,協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。盡量利用現(xiàn)有土地資源,在確保環(huán)境安全的前提下建設(shè)油氣合一站。 遵循 CNG 汽車與加氣站同步發(fā)展的原則,只有在加氣站成網(wǎng)的條件下, CNG 汽車才能真正發(fā)展。同時(shí)也只有 CNG 汽車規(guī)模到了一定數(shù)量,加氣站才能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)盈利。 嚴(yán)格法律制度:制定嚴(yán)格的汽車尾氣排放法規(guī),切實(shí)做到不達(dá)標(biāo)車輛堅(jiān)決不予以上路,對CNG 汽車改裝廠的資格進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格審查,認(rèn)證。首先應(yīng)將城市城市公交車、出租汽車作為 CNG汽車發(fā)展的重點(diǎn),杜絕部分公交車冒黑 煙污染環(huán)境的現(xiàn)象。 加大宣傳力度。目前,天然氣汽車尚處于起步階段,社會公眾對它的環(huán)保性,安全性,經(jīng)濟(jì)性,可靠性還不充分了解,所以,要進(jìn)行廣泛的社會宣傳,努力提高人們對汽車尾氣危害性的認(rèn)識,使人們了解 CNG 是清潔、安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)的車用燃料,使發(fā)展天然氣汽車得到社會各方面的認(rèn)可和支持。 壓縮天然氣汽車由于其顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益將成為天然氣市場開發(fā)應(yīng)用的一個新領(lǐng)域。在環(huán)境保護(hù)越來越受到重視的形勢下,隨著天然氣資源的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的拓寬,此舉將是減輕環(huán)境污染壓力、緩解石油緊缺,實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的可靠保證。 Abstract: This paper describes the development of pressed natural gas vehicles (CNG) on environmental protection of lowpollution, security, economic and CNG cars and filling stations and prospects for the development of countermeasures. Key words: pressed natural gas vehicles。 stations。 development prospects。 Countermeasures At present, China39。s major cities is a urban vehicle emissions a major source of air pollution, therefore, the development of clean energy vehicles have bee the choice of the delay. Compressed natural gas vehicles (CNG) in their low energy consumption and emissions by all countries small and weling, is recognized internationally as the best alternative energy vehicle. The development of natural gas vehicle to address the environmental issues and energy issues are of great significance. First, the development of natural gas vehicle l, development of foreign natural gas vehicle Reduce pollution to protect the environment, many countries have issued a series of government regulations and the introduction of a number of incentive policies to promote the development of gas vehicle, such as the development of more stringent vehicle emission standards, in the natural gas supply, car purchase taxes and fees, equipment supply, gas station construction grant funds, tax incentives. In 1992 the . federal government enacted the Energy Policy Act, or modified for the purchase of alternative fuel vehicles and the construction of stations in detail the provisions of the tax relief, but also enacted a tax cut that the use of natural gas and natural gas panies exempt from motor vehicle fuel sales tax. There are more than 40 states in 第 8 頁 accordance with the policy of the federal government, law, drawn up on the mandatory state and encourage the use of clean fuel CNG vehicles, such as policies and measures to promote the CNG filling station development and construction of motor vehicles. At present, more than 40 countries around the world have a gas car, mainly in the rich natural gas resources in Italy, New Zealand, Argentina, Brazil and other countries and stricter environmental regulations the United States, Japan and other countries. 2, China39。s Natural Gas Vehicle Development 80 In the mid20th century, the introduction of some of our CNG filling station equipment, set up in Sichuan39。s first CNG filling stations in China。 in 1993 the China National Petroleum Corporation on the introduction of foreign technology systems in 1996 installations and will be filling stations modified car parts made of the introduction of technology, standardization of technical standards. 1999 National Clean Automobile Action Coordination Leading Group was established to start the Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Xi39。an, Shenzhen and other cities in 12 pilot areas to promote the application of clean energy in the popularization and application of CNG vehicles and filling statio
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