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he AustroTurkish War. This was probably the earliest published work on mass described and illustrated the use of sand filters and sedimentation. Porzio also stated that his filtration was the same as by those who built the wells in the Palace of the Doges in Venice and in the palace of Cardinal Sachett,at Rome. The oldest known archeological examples of water filtration are in Venice and the colonies she occupied. The ornate heads on the cisterns bear dates,but it is not known when the filters were ,Built on a Series of islands, depended on catching and storing rainwater for its principal freshwater supply for over 1300 years. Cisterns were built and many were connected in stonegrated catch basins and then filtered through sand into cisterns. A prehensive article on the water supply of Venice appeared in the Practical Mechanics Journal in land area of Venice was acres and the average yearly rainfall was 32 inches(in). Nearly all of this rainfall was collected in 177 public and 1900 private cisterns. These cisterns provided a daily average supply of about gallons per capita per day(gpcd).This low consumption was due in part to the absence of sewers, the practice of washing clothes in the lagoon,and the universal drinking of wine. These cist