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f conventional vehicles because the battery is the major heat source in the cabin. In addition, battery thermal management is important for the health and life of the battery. Although high temperature operation is better for the battery performance due to reduced battery loss and reduced battery thermal management power, high temperature operation is limited due to the battery durability and safety. Figure 3 shows the temperature dependency of the cycle life of Liion battery. As can be seen in the figure, the battery life drops dramatically when the battery is operated at higher than 60176。C. The same happens at lower temperature. In extreme cases, lithium ion battery can explode by a chain reaction. Generally, the battery operating temperature is limited lower than 60176。C for the lithium ion and lead acid battery [910]. Accordingly, battery thermal management associated with climate control system is a critical part of vehicle thermal management system design of HEVs. Therefore, a prehensive vehicle thermal management system analysis including VCS and CCS is needed for the HEV vehicle thermal management system design. 外文資料翻譯 6 Figure 3. Temperature dependency of the life cycle of Liion battery [11]. Recognizing the need for the efficient vehicle thermal manageme nt system (VTMS) design for HEVs, many researchers have tried to deal with the VTMS design for HEVs from various viewpoints. Because of the plexity and the necessity for the design flexibility of the thermal management system of HEVs, numerical modeling can be an efficient way to assess various design concepts and architectures of the system during the early stage of system development pared with experiments relying on expensive prototype vehicles. Traci et al. [12] demonstrated that a numerical approach could be successfully used for thermal management system design of HEVs. They simulated a cooling system of an allelectric bat vehicle that uses a diesel engine as a prime power source and stores the power in a central energy storage system. They conducted parametric studies on the effect of the ambient temperature on the fan power consumption and the effect of the coolant temperature on the system size. Park and Jaura [13] used a mercial software package to analyze the under hood thermal behavior of an HEV cooling system and studied the effect of the additional hardware on the performance of cooling system. They also 外文資料翻譯 7 investigated the effect of an electronic module cooler on the conventional cooling system. These previous studies, however, focused on parametric studies and did not deal with the architecture design of the vehicle thermal management system considering the power consumption of the system. There also have been many efforts to analyze the impact of the CCS on the HEV. Bennion and Thornton [6] pared the thermal management of advanced powertrains using an integrated thermal management system model and studied on the peak heat load over a transient vehicle driving cycle to minimize the size of cooling system. They also studied the cases involving efforts to minimize the cooling circuit by integrating l