【文章內容簡介】 Layouts
　　Predicting is an important reading skill, which can make reading more intriguing and purposeful .Therefore, it is likely to result in better prehension pared with the situation where the learner starts reading with a blank mind.
　　Three ways of prediction
　　Predicting based on the title
　　Good titles always contain the most important information of a written text.
　　.
　　Look at the three titles in the box below and predict the contents of the texts. When you are ready, join another pair an d pare your predictions and the clues that helped you to make the
　　To begin with, students may not be good at predicting. If so, the teacher can help them by asking certain questions. For example, for each of the three texts above, we can ask these questions:
　　Text 1: What is a pet? What are pets for? Why do people love pets? Are there any problems with pets?
　　Text 2: What is a jungle? Where can you find jungles? What do you think has happened to the jungles?
　　Text 3: What happened to the child? How do you think the parents would feel? What could the police do?
　　Three ways of prediction
　　Predicting based on vocabulary
　　The teacher also asks students to write down the words that they think will appear in the text,
　　Predicting based on the T/F questions
　　The teacher gives students some true or false statements. Students predict if these statements are true or false. Then they read the text to check if they have made the right predictions.
　　Setting the scene
　　Getting the students familiarized with the cultural and social background knowledge relevant to the reading text.
　　Setting the scene by relating what students already know to what they want to know.
　　Using visual aids to setting the scene, such as real objects, pictures, videos episodes and multimedia materials,etc.
　　Skimming
　　Reading quickly to get the gist,. the main idea of the text.
　　Ask general questions which allow students to focus on one or two things.
　　Provide 34 statements and one of them represents the main idea, ask students to read the text and decide which statement is the correct one.
　　Provide subtitles for different parts of a text and asks students to put them in the right place. Scanning
　　Read to locate specific information. The key point is that the readers has something in his mind
　　and he should ignore the irrelevant parts when reading.
　　Besides,we can also ask students to scan for vocabulary which usually have certain semantic connections with the theme. Though teachers’ preteaching,students will facilitate the reading tasks that follow.
　　Scanning
　　What’s more, students can also scan for certain structures,for example, tense forms,discourse connectors,or particular sentence structures,which can serve as the basis for grammar study. Should pay attention to following things:
　　Set a time limit。
　　Give clear instruction for the task
　　Wait until 70% of the students finish
　　Scanning
　　Make clear how you are going to get feedback
　　Make sure that answers to the scanning questions are scattered throughout the text rather than clustered at one place.
　　Different texts offer opportunities for different kinds of exploitation. Yet a reading passage in traditional reading prehension textbook has generally been exploited by means of mutiple choice quesstions,T/F questions, open questions, parahrasing and translation.
　　Whilereading activities
　　Whilereading activities
　　In this section we will look at some different ways of exploiting texts focusing on the process of understanding rather than the results of reading.
　　Information presented in plain text form dose not facilitate information retention. When information in text form is transferred to another form, it can be more effectively processed and retained. The way to transfer information from one form to another is called a transition device Transition device
　　Its function in teaching reading can be
　　illustrated in the following diagram:
　　Most of the transition devices make use of visual aids so that information in text form is visualized. Research has shown visualization can help second language learners to prehend meaning
　　Below are some transition devices that are often used in teaching:
　　Purposes of transition device:
　　 attention on the main meaning of the text.
　　 able to simplify sophisticated input so that it bees the basic for out put.
　　 the students to perform tasks while they are reading.
　　 the main structural organization of a text /part of a text, and show how the structure relates to meaning.
　　 all the students in clearly defined reading tasks.
　　 one step at a time(easier tasks before more plicated one.)
　　 a TD is pleted, use it as a basis for further oral and/or written language practice. Reading prehension question
　　One of the most frequently used methods in teaching reading is asking students to answer prehension questions. Nuttal suggests that we can classify questions according to the kind of information that they require