【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 o. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them. During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time. The reason is thought to be so called similarity attraction theorywhere people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food39。s role in earning trust. In a test, participants were told to watch TV where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble, while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked. The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too. The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions from the start.” Harley Street psychologist Dr Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have mon ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”（1）According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who . A.has the same taste as themB.advertises his products on TVC.reduces the price of his productsD.pays attention to the quality of his products（2）The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that . A.food plays an important role in earning people39。s trustB.bosses like employees that have the same taste as themC.people who have similar tastes to their boss39。s earn moreD.people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV（3）What can be inferred from the passage? A.People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other.B.People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things,C.The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn39。t been proved by researchers.D.People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them.（4）Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory? A.Honesty is the best policy.B.All good things e to an end.C.Birds of a feather flock together.D.Where there is a will, there is a way.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，和經(jīng)理們（乃至陌生人）吃同樣食物的人更容易即刻獲得他們的信任。也就是諺語所說的，“人以群分 物以類聚?！保?）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar kind of food to them at the ，顧客很可能從味道相同的經(jīng)銷商那里購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品。故答案選A。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food39。s role in earning University研究表明食物在贏得人們的信任方面起著重要的作用。故答案選A。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have the mon ground and can trust the other person. Thai means negotiations are more likely to the successful.”可知，吃相似食物的人更容易信任對(duì)方。故答案選A。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)每條諺語的意思A. Honesty is the best policy. 誠(chéng)實(shí)為上策。B. All good things e to an end. 天下沒有不散的筵席。C. Birds of a feather flock together. 人以群分 物以類聚。D. Where there is a will, there is a ，事竟成?？芍狢項(xiàng)符合題意。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】推理題的解題方法1. 抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理。2. 整合全文（段）信息進(jìn)行推斷。3. 利用語境的褒貶性進(jìn)行信息推斷。 4. 根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度。5. 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論。 6. 結(jié)合已有的知識(shí)進(jìn)行推斷。5．閱讀理解 There39。s a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In The World. Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too that39。s why it made Nov 16th International Day for Tolerance. But first of all, what is tolerance? According to French philosopher Voltaire, tolerance s the consequence of humanity. We are all formed of frailty (脆弱) and error。 let us pardon each other39。s fool that is the first law of nature. Very often, people don39。t realize that they39。re intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance. For example, the UN39。s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males. But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don39。t put themselves in the shoes of women. It39。s worth thinking a little about the words tolerance and intolerance. Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we39。re speaking here? To agree to be tolerant of someone isn39。t necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there39。s something wrong with them. Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that we all share. That39。s the reason we should be tolerant. It39。s a little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.（1）What39。s the purpose of the UN International Day For Tolerance? A.To arouse people39。s awareness of tolerance among people.B.To celebrate the founding of the UN.C.To solve the problem of global warming.D.To change peopled opinion towards globalization.（2）Why do men behave intolerant