【文章內容簡介】 t and can do the most to help.”可知Richard認為通過使用這些大數據方法，我們可以將我們的注意力轉向現代保護中的難題:哪些物種和地區(qū)正在發(fā)生變化，哪些人最關心這些問題，哪些人能夠提供最多的幫助。即他認為這些搜索數據可以有助于設定保護目標。故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解 You know those nutrition guidelines the government issues every few years? It turns out that following them isn39。t just good for your health. It39。s good for the planet, too. What we found is that impacts vary across nations, but in the high173。impact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally remended diet, despite the fact that these diets don39。t mention explicitly—or most of them don39。t explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that. So that39。s sort of fairly clear across all the high173。ine nations. said Paul Behrens, an environmental scientist at Leiden University in the Netherlands. The food we eat takes a big toll on the environment. A third of the ice173。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。caused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico. However, following dietary guidelines would reduce those impacts, especially in wealthy countries like the US. Most of the reductions e from meat and dairy, which have an outsized impact on land use and pollution, and are a major source of greenhouse gases.(That39。s partly due to cow farts. Seriously.) Following the suggestions would also mean eating fewer calories, since many people here eat more than they need. Overall, in high173。ine countries, Behren39。s team estimates that following the rules could result in as much as a 17 percent reduction in land use, a 21 percent reduction in nutrient pollution, and a 25 percent drop in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Cutting down on how much food we waste—which is roughly a third in the US—could help even more. The results are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Of course, people are notoriously bad at following diets. But: These nationally remended guidelines do actually have a knock173。on effect on other areas of policy making. So if I39。m developing a new healthy173。eating173。for173。schools program then that39。s going to be based off a lot of detail that I get from the nationally remended guidelines. So while it might not necessarily be the case that people follow directly …they actually are quite influential on the preparation of other advice. It seems that a smaller environmental footprint and a healthier lifestyle could go hand in hand.（1）Which of the following statement will Paul Behrens approve of? A.Following a nationally remended diet can have similar impacts in different countries.B.Following a nationally remended diet can do good to our health.C.Not all the countries have remended diets in an explicit manner.D.Some high173。ine nations don39。t mention the diet explicitly for its impacts can be ignored.（2）What do the underlined words takes a big toll on in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.shows signs ofB.has a bad effect onC.takes full advantage ofD.makes up for（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.Food production can lead to about 20 percent of human173。caused greenhouse gas with only a third of the ice173。free land used.B.It is estimated that following dietary guidelines can lead to decrease in more land use than in nutrient pollution.C.Paul Behrens39。 new program concerning healthy eating for schools is likely to be based on national nutrition guidelines.D.Some wealthy countries tend to reduce meat and dairy though the other areas of policy making isn39。t effected much.【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了營養(yǎng)指南對地球也有利。通過膳食指南，似乎可以減輕對環(huán)境的傷害，人類自己也可以過上健康的生活，二者可以兼得。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的 What we found is that impacts vary across nations, but in the high173。impact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally remended diet, despite the fact that these diets don39。t mention explicitly—or most of them don39。t explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that.” 我們發(fā)現（營養(yǎng)膳食指南的）影響因國家而異，但總的來說，在影響力較大的國家，如果你遵循國家推薦的膳食指南，即使這些膳食并未明晰對環(huán)境的影響，或者大多數膳食沒有明確說明這一點，但是你對環(huán)境的影響會因為遵循指南而減輕。由此推斷出 并非所有國家都以明確的方式推薦飲食 ，這個觀點Paul Behrens會贊成，故選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據第三段中的“A third of the ice173。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。caused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico.”地球上三分之一的無冰區(qū)被用于農業(yè)生產，根據一些估算，食物生產大約占到了人類造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。肥料徑流也導致了其他問題，例如伊利湖的藻類爆發(fā)以及墨西哥灣的死亡區(qū)域。由此推斷出劃線詞所在的句子意思是我們所吃的食物給環(huán)境帶來了巨大代價。takes a big toll on固定短語，“付出了巨大的代價”，故選B。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段中的“A third of the ice173。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。caused greenhouse gas emissions.”地球上三分之一的無冰區(qū)被用于農業(yè)生產，根據一些估算，食物生產大約占到了人類造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。由此可知。A選項的描述 糧食生產可導致約20%的人為造成的溫室氣體，而只使用了三分之一的無冰土地 正確，故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解 In my memory, winters always used to be really unpleasant. You had to bundle up just to keep warm when you went outside. You were often cold, wet, slip on the ice, and you39。d arrive home to an icecold house. And that would mean turning on the heating and waiting. It39。s a miracle you didn39。t get cold to the bone. Fortunately, things don39。t have to be so challenging any more. Technology, engine ring and design have advanced giving us new solutions to old problems. It means dealing with winter needn39。t be like skating on thin ice. With a smart thermostat (溫度自動調節(jié)器), our homes can be warm when we need them to be. Many models feature smartphone apps that allow you to control temperature remotely, so we can