【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ible effect on the future development of AIC.only involves their shortterm working memoryD.calls for a lot of maths knowledge（3）What does the finding of the new research suggest? A.Bees can recogize the exact number.B.Arithmetic operations exist in human and bees.C.Numerical cognition has been found in many more species.D.Some primates, birds and even spiders can add and substract.（4）What can be the best title for the text? A.A Discovery About the Tiny Brain of BeesB.New Findings About Bees Having Numerical CogintionC.Numerical Cognition Requires a Complex Level of ProcessingD.The Relationship Between Brain Size and Brain Power【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，RMIT大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學(xué)。此前的研究表明，一些靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物、鳥(niǎo)類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》(Science Advances)雜志上的這項(xiàng)新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (減法).”澳大利亞證明蜜蜂可以做加法和減法等算術(shù)運(yùn)算?！笨芍?，RMIT大學(xué) 的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學(xué)。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“If math doesn39。t require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both longterm rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,”如果數(shù)學(xué)不需要一個(gè)巨大的大腦，那么在設(shè)計(jì)中，我們也可能有新的方法來(lái)包括長(zhǎng)期規(guī)則和工作記憶的互動(dòng)，從而提高人工智能對(duì)新問(wèn)題的快速學(xué)習(xí)，可知，Adrian Dyer認(rèn)為，蜜蜂的數(shù)字認(rèn)知對(duì)人工智能的未來(lái)發(fā)展可能有影響。故選B。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more plex level of processing.”許多物種都能理解數(shù)量之間的差異，并以此來(lái)尋找食物、做出決定和解決問(wèn)題。但是數(shù)字認(rèn)知，比如精確的數(shù)字和算術(shù)運(yùn)算，需要更復(fù)雜的處理?？芍?，新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)說(shuō)明了在更多的物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字認(rèn)知。故選C。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Previous studies have shown some primates (靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.”此前的研究表明，一些靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物、鳥(niǎo)類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》(Science Advances)雜志上的這項(xiàng)新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單?！惫蔬xB。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解 Acting is the least mysterious of all crafts, Marion Brando once said. But for scientists, working out what is going on in an actor39。s head has always been something of a puzzle. Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not. Dr Steven Brown, from McMaster University in Canada, said, It looks like when you are acting, you are suppressing (壓制) yourself。 almost like the character is possessing you. Brown and colleagues report how 15 actors, mainly theatre students, were trained to take on a Shakespeare role — either Romeo or Juliet — in a theatre workshop. They were then invited into the laboratory, where their brains were scanned in a series of experiments. Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party? And would they tell their parents that they had fallen in love? Each actor was asked to respond to different questions, based on two different premises (前提). In one, they were asked for their own perspective, while in the other, they were asked to respond as though they were either Romeo or Juliet. The results revealed that the brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some thirdperson knowledge or inferences about their character. The team said they also found additional reduction in activity in two regions of the prefrontal cortex (前額皮質(zhì)) linked to the sense of self, pared with when the actors were responding as themselves. However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than pretending to be someone — it involves embodying (體現(xiàn)) the text and language.（1）How did Dr Brown39。s team conduct their research? A.By scanning the brain activity of some actors.B.By doing a survey with some theatre goers.C.By interviewing some theatre teachers.D.By consulting some experienced researchers.（2）What is the finding of Dr Brown39。s research? A.Acting is not as mysterious as people think.B.Actors39。 brain activity differs when they are acting.C.Acting is far more than pretending to be the character.D.Actors39。 brain activity is more active when they are in character.（3）How did Philip Davis react to the research? A.He supported it.B.He doubted it.C.He explained it.D.He advocated it.（4）What is the text mainly about? A.A debate of how the brain functions.B.A play written by Shakespeare.C.A research on the brain activity of actors.D.A report of the cooperation of scientists and actors.【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)對(duì)于演員大腦活動(dòng)的研究?，F(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動(dòng)模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party?”一旦進(jìn)入核磁共振掃描儀，演員們被要求回答一系列問(wèn)題，比如:他們會(huì)去參加派對(duì)嗎?由此推斷出Brown博士的團(tuán)隊(duì)是通過(guò)掃描一些演員的大腦活動(dòng)進(jìn)行他們的研究的，故選A。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“The results revealed that the brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some thirdperson knowledge or inferences about their character.”結(jié)果顯示，大腦活動(dòng)的不同取決于所測(cè)試的情境。研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)演員在扮演角色時(shí)，他們會(huì)使用一些第三人稱知識(shí)或?qū)巧耐茢?。由此可知Brown博士的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，演員在表演時(shí)大腦活動(dòng)是不同的，故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than ‘pretending’ to be someone — it involves embodying (體現(xiàn)) the text and language.”然而，利物浦大學(xué)教授Philip Davis對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究并不以為然。他說(shuō)，表演不僅僅是 假裝 成某個(gè)人，它還包括文本和語(yǔ)言的體現(xiàn)。由此推斷出Philip Davis對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究持懷疑態(tài)度，故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。第二段中的“Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not.”現(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動(dòng)模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色，是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)對(duì)于演員大腦活動(dòng)的研究，故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)